{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:17:50Z","timestamp":1781932670262,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors. Nowadays multiple pharmaceutical treatment options exist with novel interventional methods (e.g., baroreflex activation therapy (BAT)) as a last resort to treat patients with resistant HTN. Although pathophysiology behind resistant HTN is still not fully understood. There is evidence that selected biomarkers may be involved in the pathophysiology of HTN. (2) Methods: We investigated serum SDC4-levels in patients suffering from resistant HTN before and 6 months after BAT implantation. We collected 19 blood samples from patients with resistant HTN and blood pressure above target and measured serum SDC4-levels. (3) Results: Our results showed high serum SDC4-levels in patients with resistant HTN as compared to a healthy population. Patients with both, resistant HTN and diabetes mellitus type II, demonstrated higher serum SDC4-levels. \u03b2-blockers had lowering effects on serum SDC4-levels, whereas calcium channel blockers were associated with higher levels of serum SDC4. BAT implantation did not lead to a significant difference in serum SDC4-levels after 6 months of therapy. (4) Conclusion: Based on our results we propose SDC4 is elevated in patients suffering from resistant HTN. Thus, SDC4 might be a potential marker for endothelial dysfunction in patients with resistant hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:56:43Z","timestamp":1600916203000},"page":"3051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Syndecan-4 as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Resistant Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Lipphardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Dihazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens-Holger","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia I.","family":"Amlaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian B.","family":"Ratliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Institute and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Koziolek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1162-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Wallbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, G\u00f6ttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08293","article-title":"Prolonged baroreflex activation abolishes salt-induced hypertension after reductions in kidney mass","volume":"68","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01464-4","article-title":"Effect of baroreflex activation therapy on renal sodium excretion in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"108","author":"Lipphardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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