{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T08:53:38Z","timestamp":1784969618088,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This observational and prospective study evaluated the clinical correlations of sonographic lesions in consecutive psoriatic arthritis (PsA) dactylitis cases. Eighty-three dactylitic digits were evaluated clinically and sonographically before treatment and at one-month (T1) and three-month (T3) follow-up. Clinical evaluation included the Leeds Dactylitis Index-basic (LDI-b) score and the visual analogue scales for pain (VAS-p) and functional impairment (VAS-FI). High-frequency ultrasound with grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) assessed flexor tenosynovitis (FT), soft tissue oedema (STO), extensor tendon paratenonitis, and joint synovitis. There was a statistically significant correlation between the clinical parameters (VAS-p, VAS-FI, and LDI-b) and FT and STO at T1 and T3. We found statistically significant improvement in FT and STO for the cases with clinically meaningful treatment responses (p &lt; 0.001). After a multiple conditional logistic regression analysis, the only variables that correlated with a T1 clinical response were the resolutions of PD FT (OR 15.66) and PD STO (OR 6.23), while the resolution of PD FT (OR 27.77) and of GS STO (OR 7.29) correlated with a T3 clinical response. The clinical improvements of active dactylitis are linked to the regression of sonographic evidence of extracapsular inflammation (particularly FT and STO).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T10:39:58Z","timestamp":1601289598000},"page":"3127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Monitoring Clinical Response to Treatment in Acute Symptomatic Psoriatic Dactylitis: Results from a Multicentre Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Girolimetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Macchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Possemato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Rheumatology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Bascherini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Citriniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Center, Bronson Health Group, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Rheumatology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Sabbatino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21972","article-title":"Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: Development of new criteria from a large international study","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110845","article-title":"The ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria\u2014A retrospective feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity study","volume":"39","author":"Tillett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130163","article-title":"Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis: Prevalence and response to therapy in the biologic era","volume":"40","author":"Gladman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.002","article-title":"Dactylitis: A hallmark of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Kaeley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"406","article-title":"Dactylitis involving most of the fingers","volume":"21","author":"Olivieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1745","article-title":"Development of an assessment tool for dactylitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Helliwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Measuring dactylitis in clinical trials: Which is the best instrument to use?","volume":"34","author":"Healy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39573","article-title":"Group for research and assessment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2015 treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Coates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217159","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update","volume":"79","author":"Gossec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0147-9","article-title":"Pathophysiology, assessment and treatment of psoriatic dactylitis","volume":"15","author":"McGonagle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"926","article-title":"Toe dactylitis in patients with spondyloarthropathy: Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"24","author":"Olivieri","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem315","article-title":"MRI changes in psoriatic dactylitis\u2014Extent of pathology, relationship to tenderness and correlation with clinical indices","volume":"47","author":"Healy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0882-4","article-title":"Fast spin echo-T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation in toe dactylitis of spondyloarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Olivieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205839","article-title":"High-resolution MRI assessment of dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis shows flexor tendon pulley and sheath-related enthesitis","volume":"74","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212681","article-title":"\u201cDeep Koebner\u201d phenomenon of the flexor tendon-associated accessory pulleys as a novel factor in tenosynovitis and dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"785","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of finger flexor tendon entheseal soft tissue and bone changes by ultrasound can differentiate psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez549","article-title":"Power Doppler enhancement of accessory pulleys confirming disease localization in psoriatic dactylitis","volume":"59","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4400-z","article-title":"Symptomatic psoriatic dactylitis is associated with ultrasound determined extra-synovial inflammatory features and shorter disease duration","volume":"38","author":"Girolimetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190046","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evidence of predominance of acute extracapsular and chronic intrasynovial patterns in 100 cases of psoriatic hand dactylitis","volume":"47","author":"Girolimetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04683-2","article-title":"Predominant ultrasonographic extracapsular changes in symptomatic psoriatic dactylitis: Results from a multicenter cross-sectional study comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic hand dactylitis","volume":"39","author":"Girolimetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Girolimetto, N., Macchioni, P., Tinazzi, I., Costa, L., Peluso, R., Tasso, M., Bottiglieri, P., Marchetta, A., Possemato, N., and Salvarani, C. (2020). Association between Leeds Dactylitis Index and ultrasonographic features: A multicentre study on psoriatic hand dactylitis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207507","article-title":"Disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA): Defining remission and treatment success using the DAPSA score","volume":"75","author":"Schoels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.15","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis: Which composite measures to use in psoriatic arthritis?","volume":"14","author":"Scarpa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"991","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of biologics and other novel drugs in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: 2017 update from the Italian Society of Rheumatology","volume":"35","author":"Marchesoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen103","article-title":"Assessment of pain","volume":"101","author":"Breivik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girolimetto, N., Macchioni, P., Citriniti, G., Tinazzi, I., Bascherini, V., Martinis, F., Marchetta, A., Possemato, N., Tasso, M., and Peluso, R. (2020). Effectiveness of steroid injection for hand psoriatic dactylitis: Results from a multicentre prospective observational study. Clin. Rheumatol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05142-z"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211585","article-title":"The 2017 EULAR standardised procedures for ultrasound imaging in rheumatology","volume":"76","author":"Janta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202092","article-title":"Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound score for tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Naredo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217191","article-title":"Novel and reliable DACTylitis glObal Sonographic (DACTOS) score in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Zabotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-2258","article-title":"Ultrasonographic detection, definition and quantification of soft tissue oedema in psoriatic dactylitis","volume":"21","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181095","article-title":"OMERACT definitions for ultrasonographic pathologies and elementary lesions of rheumatic disorders 15 years on","volume":"46","author":"Bruyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000427","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000427","article-title":"Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: A EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 2: Reliability and application to multiple joints of a standardised consensus-based scoring system","volume":"3","author":"Terslev","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000428","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000427","article-title":"Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: A EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 1: Definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system","volume":"3","author":"Terslev","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1","article-title":"Methods for assessing responsiveness: A critical review and recommendations","volume":"53","author":"Husted","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3127\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:14:17Z","timestamp":1760177657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9103127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9103127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]]}}}