{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:20:17Z","timestamp":1783783217100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is unclear to which extent the higher mortality associated with hypertension in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is due to its increased prevalence among older patients or to specific mechanisms. Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective multicenter study, analyzing 12226 patients who required hospital admission in 150 Spanish centers included in the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared the clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors. The mean age of the study population was 67.5 \u00b1 16.1 years, 42.6% were women. Overall, 2630 (21.5%) subjects died. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (50.9%) followed by diabetes (19.1%), and atrial fibrillation (11.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). The preexisting condition of hypertension had an independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization. ARBs showed a lower risk of lethality in hypertensive patients than other antihypertensive drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T10:39:58Z","timestamp":1601289598000},"page":"3136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3669-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sagunto, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46520 Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2537-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sagunto, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46520 Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iratxe","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sagunto, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46520 Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mendiz\u00e1bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sagunto, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46520 Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Pineda-Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lorenzo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria del Pilar","family":"Fidalgo-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Henares Hospital, 28822 Coslada (Madrid), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Fernandez","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cuervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Torrevieja University Hospital, 03186 Torrevieja (Alicante), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gil-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Rabad\u00e1n-Pejenaute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, San Pedro Hospital, 26006 Logro\u00f1o (La Rioja), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Abella-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Ntra Sra Candelaria University Hospital, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0999-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Giner-Galva\u00f1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante (Alicante), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Nataya","family":"Sol\u00eds-Marqu\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, San Agustin University Hospital, 33410 Avil\u00e9s (Asturias), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Boixeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Matar\u00f3 Hospital, 08304 Matar\u00f3, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s de la","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Son Ll\u00e0tzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Carrasco-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moraleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, 45004 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1366-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"Torres-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain, CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9920-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Esther","family":"Guisado-Espartero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Margarita Hospital, 14940 Cabra (C\u00f3rdoba), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9210-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Escobar-Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, San Juan de la Cruz Hospital, 23400 \u00dabeda (Ja\u00e9n), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Mart\u00edn-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Costa del Sol Hospital, 29603 Marbella (M\u00e1laga), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Luis","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Le\u00f3n University Hospital Complex, 24008 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6649-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Casas-Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, 28981 Parla (Madrid), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9909-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"G\u00f3mez-Huelgas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, August 14). 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