{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:32:46Z","timestamp":1785457966896,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pinel Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Levesque Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Otsuka Canada Pharmaceuticals Inc","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychosis with another psychosocial intervention comprising virtual reality (VR)-assisted therapy (VRT) may improve targeted outcomes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Methods: Ten participants having followed CBT were part of our comparative clinical trial comparing VRT to CBT and were selected at the end of the study as they desired to continue to achieve improvements with VRT (CBT + VRT). Clinical assessments were administered before\/after treatments and at follow-ups. Changes in outcomes were examined using linear mixed-effects models. To gain a more in depth understanding on CBT + VRT, therapists\u2019 notes, and open interviews on a sub-group of patients were qualitatively analyzed. Results: Findings showed that the sequence of both interventions was appreciated by all patients. Several significant improvements were found throughout time points on auditory verbal hallucinations, beliefs about voices, depressive symptoms, symptoms of schizophrenia and quality of life. Although most of these improvements were in similar range to those observed in our comparative trial, effects of CBT + VRT on depressive symptoms and symptoms of schizophrenia were larger than those found for either intervention alone. Conclusion: This proof of concept is the first to merge gold-standard CBT with VRT for treatment refractory voices and to suggest a certain synergistic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T09:41:01Z","timestamp":1601458861000},"page":"3169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Exploring the Benefits of Virtual Reality-Assisted Therapy Following Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Proof of Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Dellazizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Montr\u00e9al, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Potvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Montr\u00e9al, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsada","family":"Phraxayavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Dumais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Montr\u00e9al, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Services et Recherches Psychiatriques AD, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Institut National de Psychiatrie l\u00e9gale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC H1C 1H1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050503","article-title":"Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology","volume":"174","author":"Howes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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