{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:16:13Z","timestamp":1789503373009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1124-8514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1124-8514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005747","name":"A.P. M\u00f8ller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney M\u00f8llers Fond til almene Formaal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003035","name":"Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) is associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists has shown beneficial effects in NAFLD patients. We evaluated the effect of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on NAFLD features in women with pGDM. Eighty-two overweight\/obese, nondiabetic women with pGDM were included. We performed abdominal ultrasound, transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and blood sampling at baseline and after 1 year. Thirty-seven women were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg once-daily) and 45 to placebo. Based on the ultrasound scan, 18 women (22%) had ultrasound-verified NAFLD at baseline and of these, 10 (56%) received liraglutide treatment. After 1 year, eight participants no longer had steatosis, four in each treatment group. The number of participants who developed NAFLD was similar in the two treatment groups; five in the liraglutide group and six in the placebo group (p = 0.74). Compared to placebo, liraglutide reduced the CAP-assessed intrahepatic fat content (\u221228 (\u221244;\u221211) vs. 2 (\u221213;18) dB\/m, p &lt; 0.01) and body weight (\u22124.7 (\u22126.4;\u22122.9) vs. \u22121.4 (\u22123;0.3) kg, p &lt; 0.01). One-year\u2019s liraglutide treatment had no effect on the presence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD in overweight\/obese nondiabetic women with pGDM, but reduced body weight and steatosis assessed by transient elastography with CAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1601981177000},"page":"3213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["One Year\u2019s Treatment with the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Decreases Hepatic Fat Content in Women with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Vedtofte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Bahne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe","family":"Foghsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Kl\u00f8verv\u00e6nget 6, Entrance 93, 8th floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan I.","family":"Bagger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Strandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 4A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"G\u00f8rtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 2, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens J.","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology &amp; Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens A.","family":"Svare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 21, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine D.","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9462-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise L.","family":"Gluud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"},{"name":"Gastrounit, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Ketteg\u00e5rd All\u00e9 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip K.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 7, 3rd floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0087-8","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A diabetologist\u2019s perspective","volume":"45","author":"Pappachan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2247","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"30","author":"Targher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3910-y","article-title":"European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Byrne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03246.x","article-title":"GI epidemiology: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Angulo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol. Baltim. Md"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.09.017","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"65","author":"Lonardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.044","article-title":"Association of adipose tissue inflammation with histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Korf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1549","article-title":"The macrophage activation marker sCD163 is associated with morphological disease stages in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Kazankov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1017","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is prevalent in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus and independently associated with insulin resistance and waist circumference","volume":"40","author":"Foghsgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0449","article-title":"Reduction of visceral fat by liraglutide is associated with ameliorations of hepatic steatosis, albuminuria, and micro-inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients with insulin treatment: A randomized control trial","volume":"64","author":"Bouchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuthbertson, D.J., Irwin, A., Gardner, C.J., Daousi, C., Purewal, T., Furlong, N., Goenka, N., Thomas, E.L., Adams, V.L., and Pushpakom, S.P. (2012). Improved glycaemia correlates with liver fat reduction in obese, type 2 diabetes, patients given glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050117"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12680","article-title":"Exenatide decreases liver fat content and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A prospective randomized clinical trial using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Dutour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12351","article-title":"Pilot study of liraglutide effects in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with glucose intolerance in Japanese patients (LEAN-J)","volume":"45","author":"Eguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res. Off. J. Jpn. Soc. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12555","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f8ssing, S., Nylander, M., Chabanova, E., Frystyk, J., Holst, J.J., Kistorp, C., Skouby, S.O., and Faber, J. (2017). Effect of liraglutide on ectopic fat in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13053"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"194","article-title":"Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study","volume":"63","author":"Guagnozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Nutr. Organo Soc. Esp. Endocrinol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3145-0","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue therapy directly modulates innate immune-mediated inflammation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Hogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.363","article-title":"Exenatide in the treatment of diabetic patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A case series","volume":"105","author":"Kenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"407","article-title":"Effect of Liraglutide Therapy on Liver Fat Content in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: The Lira-NAFLD Study","volume":"102","author":"Petit","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12837","article-title":"Effect of 12-week dulaglutide therapy in Japanese patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"47","author":"Seko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res. Off. J. Jpn. Soc. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.8961","article-title":"Effects of liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on body weight, body fat area and body fat-related markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intern. Med. Tokyo Jpn."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Incretin mimetics as a novel therapeutic option for hepatic steatosis","volume":"26","author":"Tushuizen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.038","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 decreases lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"64","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003834","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003834","article-title":"The effect of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist on glucose tolerance in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: Protocol for an investigator-initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel intervention trial","volume":"3","author":"Foghsgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eddowes, P.J., Sasso, M., Allison, M., Tsochatzis, E., Anstee, Q.M., Sheridan, D., Guha, I.N., Cobbold, J.F., Deeks, J.J., and Paradis, V. (2019). Accuracy of FibroScan Controlled Attenuation Parameter and Liver Stiffness Measurement in Assessing Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3283-z","article-title":"Hyperglucagonaemia analysed by glucagon sandwich ELISA: Nonspecific interference or truly elevated levels?","volume":"57","author":"Hartmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"29","article-title":"Soluble CD163: A marker molecule for monocyte\/macrophage activity in disease","volume":"237","author":"Aerts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0451","article-title":"A soluble form of the macrophage-related mannose receptor (MR\/CD206) is present in human serum and elevated in critical illness","volume":"52","author":"Rafique","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2435","article-title":"Impaired regulation of the incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Bagger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4265-8","article-title":"Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are characterised by a decreased incretin effect","volume":"60","author":"Foghsgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Foghsgaard, S., Vedtofte, L., Bahne, E., Andreasen, C., Mathiesen, E.R., Svare, J.A., Christiansen, L., Holst, J.J., Clausen, T.D., and Damm, P. (2016). Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improves glycemic control in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes, 65."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"911","article-title":"Non-invasive diagnosis of liver steatosis using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and transient elastography","volume":"32","author":"Vergniol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"902","article-title":"Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP): A noninvasive method for the detection of hepatic steatosis based on transient elastography","volume":"32","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4100-7","article-title":"Twelve week liraglutide or sitagliptin does not affect hepatic fat in type 2 diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Smits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2548","article-title":"Effects of insulin glargine and liraglutide therapy on liver fat as measured by magnetic resonance in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial","volume":"38","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12369","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, improves liver fibrosis markers in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"81","author":"Kahal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028136","article-title":"Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"136","author":"Nauck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2217\/clp.13.8","article-title":"The effects of liraglutide on glucose, inflammatory markers and lipoprotein metabolism: Current knowledge and future perspective","volume":"8","author":"Rizzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.08.045","article-title":"Correlation between hepatic steatosis, hepatic volume, and spleen volume in live liver donors","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13487","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment improves postprandial lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors in humans with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes: A single-centre randomized controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Matikainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:16:50Z","timestamp":1760177810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9103213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9103213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]}}}