{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:47:43Z","timestamp":1790718463242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPII19\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII19\/00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104908\/Z\/14\/Z\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104908\/Z\/14\/Z\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of highly effective treatments for fibromyalgia (FM) represents a great challenge for public health. The objective of this parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was two-fold: (1) to analyze the clinical effects of mindfulness plus amygdala and insula retraining (MAIR) compared to a structurally equivalent active control group of relaxation therapy (RT) in the treatment of FM; and (2) to evaluate its impact on immune-inflammatory markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum. A total of 41 FM patients were randomized into two study arms: MAIR (intervention group) and RT (active control group), both as add-ons of treatment as usual. MAIR demonstrated significantly greater reductions in functional impairment, anxiety, and depression, as well as higher improvements in mindfulness, and self-compassion at post-treatment and follow-up, with moderate to large effect sizes. Significant decreases in pain catastrophizing and psychological inflexibility and improvements in clinical severity and health-related quality of life were found at follow-up, but not at post-treatment, showing large effect sizes. The number needed to treat was three based on the criteria of \u226550% Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) reduction post-treatment. Compared to RT, the MAIR showed significant decreases in BDNF. No effect of MAIR was observed in immune-inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10, and hs-CRP). In conclusion, these results suggest that MAIR, as an adjuvant of treatment-as-usual (TAU), appears to be effective for the management of FM symptoms and for reducing BDNF levels in serum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1602913551000},"page":"3246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Mindfulness-Based Program Plus Amygdala and Insula Retraining (MAIR) for the Treatment of Women with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan P.","family":"Sanabria-Mazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, St. Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, International University of Catalonia, C\/Josep Trueta s\/n, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, 08195 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Montero-Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Feliu-Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; 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Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, St. Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattie","family":"Tops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Leiden University, 233 AK Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan V.","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; 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