{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:16:18Z","timestamp":1791404178960,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In excess of three quarters of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have preceding psoriasis (PsO), which offers a clinical biomarker for the recognition of early PsA. Numerous surveys have shown a remarkably high frequency of clinically occult musculoskeletal symptoms in psoriasis patients. Imaging studies, particularly ultrasound, show a high prevalence of subclinical enthesitis and other inflammatory changes in psoriasis subjects. Since a serum biomarker, such as the case of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis, neither exists nor seems biologically plausible at this point, this article explores how integration of rheumatological and dermatological assessment can be facilitated for the early recognition of potential PsA. Given that scalp disease is a PsA predictor, but may be managed in the community, then a particular need to access this group is needed. An integrated approach between rheumatology and dermatology can involve joint clinics, parallel clinics with discussion of relevant cases or virtual contact between specialties. Early therapy evaluation and integrated strategies have considerable implications for minimizing suffering and joint damage in PsA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1602913551000},"page":"3262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Defining Pre-Clinical Psoriatic Arthritis in an Integrated Dermato-Rheumatology Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Savage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"},{"name":"Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Tinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alen","family":"Zabotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"},{"name":"Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"},{"name":"Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"},{"name":"Chapel Allerton Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03159.x","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of psoriatic arthritis and joint complaints in 2009 patients with psoriasis: Results of a German national survey","volume":"23","author":"Radtke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"279","article-title":"Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis and joint complaints in a large population of Italian patients hospitalised for psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"Gisondi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"ii14","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome","volume":"64","author":"Gladman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211109","article-title":"The preclinical phase of PsA: A challenge for the epidemiologist","volume":"76","author":"Ogdie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogdie, A., Nowell, W.B., Applegate, E., Gavigan, K., Venkatachalam, S., de la Cruz, M., Flood, E., Schwartz, E.J., Romero, B., and Hur, P. (2020). Patient perspectives on the pathway to psoriatic arthritis diagnosis: Results from a web-based survey of patients in the United States. BMC Rheumatol., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0102-7"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39494","article-title":"The Incidence and Risk Factors for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with Psoriasis: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"68","author":"Eder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol. (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39973","article-title":"The Development of Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with Psoriasis Is Preceded by a Period of Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"69","author":"Eder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol. (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.125","article-title":"Management of psoriatic arthritis from the view of the dermatologist","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2005.01.006","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: Need for a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"24","author":"Qureshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"127","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis (PSA)\u2014An analysis of 220 patients","volume":"62","author":"Gladman","year":"1987","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)12004-9","article-title":"Classification of inflammatory arthritis by enthesitis","volume":"352","author":"McGonagle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22758","article-title":"The concept of a \u201csynovio-entheseal complex\u201d and its implications for understanding joint inflammation and damage in psoriatic arthritis and beyond","volume":"56","author":"McGonagle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"593","article-title":"Ultrasonographic detection of subclinical enthesitis and synovitis: A possible stratification of psoriatic patients without clinical musculoskeletal involvement","volume":"37","author":"Zuliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker078","article-title":"High prevalence of ultrasonographic synovitis and enthesopathy in patients with psoriasis without psoriatic arthritis: A prospective case-control study","volume":"50","author":"Naredo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf. Engl.)"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208821","article-title":"Subclinical joint inflammation in patients with psoriasis without concomitant psoriatic arthritis: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis","volume":"75","author":"Faustini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40778","article-title":"Regression of Peripheral Subclinical Enthesopathy in Therapy-Naive Patients Treated with Ustekinumab for Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Fifty-Two-Week, Prospective, Open-Label Feasibility Study","volume":"71","author":"Savage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00891-x","article-title":"From Psoriasis to Psoriatic Arthritis: Insights from Imaging on the Transition to Psoriatic Arthritis and Implications for Arthritis Prevention","volume":"22","author":"Zabotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0175-0","article-title":"Preventing psoriatic arthritis: Focusing on patients with psoriasis at increased risk of transition","volume":"15","author":"Scher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001067","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-001067","article-title":"Transition phase towards psoriatic arthritis: Clinical and ultrasonographic characterisation of psoriatic arthralgia","volume":"5","author":"Zabotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex079","article-title":"The problem in differentiation between psoriatic-related polyenthesitis and fibromyalgia","volume":"57","author":"Marchesoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171411","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and clinical assessment of peripheral enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and fibromyalgia syndrome: The ULISSE study","volume":"46","author":"Macchioni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu328","article-title":"Differentiation between osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: Implications for pathogenesis and treatment in the biologic therapy era","volume":"54","author":"McGonagle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110505","article-title":"Preliminary evidence that subclinical enthesopathy may predict psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis","volume":"38","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04445-0","article-title":"Subclinical synovitis and enthesitis in psoriasis patients and controls by ultrasonography in Saudi Arabia; incidence of psoriatic arthritis during two years","volume":"38","author":"Elnady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24172","article-title":"Incidence and clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: A population-based study","volume":"61","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kampylafka, E., Simon, D., d\u2019Oliveira, I., Linz, C., Lerchen, V., Englbrecht, M., Recn, J., Kleyer, A., Sticherling, M., and Schett, G. (2020, April 17). Disease Interception With interleukin-17 Inhibition in High-Risk Psoriasis Patients With Subclinical Joint Inflammation-Data From the Prospective IVEPSA Study, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31349876\/?from_term=schett+g+and+psoriasis&from_sort=date&from_pos=7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1957-0"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209846","article-title":"EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex340","article-title":"The risk of individual autoantibodies, autoantibody combinations and levels for arthritis development in clinically suspect arthralgia","volume":"56","author":"Verheul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"519","article-title":"One year in review 2018: Ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Zabotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"536","article-title":"Imaging in the preclinical phases of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Zabotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"469","article-title":"Evaluation of an existing screening tool for psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis and the development of a new instrument: The Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST) questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.089441","article-title":"Development and initial validation of a screening questionnaire for psoriatic arthritis: The Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screen (ToPAS)","volume":"68","author":"Gladman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.04.001","article-title":"The PASE questionnaire: Pilot-testing a psoriatic arthritis screening and evaluation tool","volume":"57","author":"Husni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes187","article-title":"The early psoriatic arthritis screening questionnaire: A simple and fast method for the identification of arthritis in patients with psoriasis","volume":"51","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.05.001","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Villani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(73)90035-8","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Moll","year":"1973","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21972","article-title":"CASPAR Study Group Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: Development of new criteria from a large international study","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080596","article-title":"Sensitivity of the classification of psoriatic arthritis criteria in early psoriatic arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Mennillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are more tender than those with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Buskila","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2020.01.009","article-title":"Axial Psoriatic Arthritis: A Distinct Clinical Entity in Search of a Definition","volume":"46","author":"Michelena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203643","article-title":"Proof of concept: Enthesitis and new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are driven by mechanical strain and stromal cells","volume":"73","author":"Jacques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22060","article-title":"The effect of age, sex, and physical activity on entheseal morphology in a contemporary Italian skeletal collection","volume":"148","author":"Milella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200478","article-title":"Psoriasis patients with nail disease have a greater magnitude of underlying systemic subclinical enthesopathy than those with normal nails","volume":"71","author":"Ash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000341536","article-title":"Enthesitis in psoriatic disease","volume":"225","author":"McGonagle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170962","article-title":"Early Psoriatic Arthritis Versus Early Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Dermoscopy Combined with Ultrasonography for Differential Diagnosis","volume":"45","author":"Zabotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13438","article-title":"Dermoscopy of nail fold and elbow in the differential diagnosis of early psoriatic arthritis sine psoriasis and early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Errichetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-020-09135-7","article-title":"Big data highlights the association between psoriasis and fibromyalgia: A population-based study","volume":"68","author":"Kridin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120238","article-title":"Entheseal power Doppler ultrasonography: A comparison of psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia","volume":"89","author":"Marchesoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex179","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal ultrasonography for psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis patients: A systematic literature review","volume":"56","author":"Zabotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02581.x","article-title":"Detection of subclinical joint involvement in psoriasis with bone scintigraphy and its response to oral methotrexate","volume":"33","author":"Raza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0835-y","article-title":"Ultrasonography in the assessment of peripheral joint involvement in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Weiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13212","article-title":"Detection of asymptomatic enthesitis in psoriasis patients: An onset of psoriatic arthritis?","volume":"43","author":"Takata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.188","article-title":"Enthesitis: From pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"13","author":"Schett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201617","article-title":"The link between enthesitis and arthritis in psoriatic arthritis: A switch to a vascular phenotype at insertions may play a role in arthritis development","volume":"72","author":"Aydin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.071074","article-title":"Inhibition of chronic and acute skin inflammation by treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor","volume":"173","author":"Halin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2006.01.005","article-title":"Angiogenesis\u2014A new target for future therapy","volume":"44","author":"Pandya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vascul. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01261.x","article-title":"The \u201cpsoriatic march\u201d: A concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity","volume":"20","author":"Boehncke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i71","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.144097","article-title":"The early phase of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"70","author":"McGonagle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217159","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update","volume":"79","author":"Gossec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40726","article-title":"Special Article: 2018 American College of Rheumatology\/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"71","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol. (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40851","article-title":"Etanercept and Methotrexate as Monotherapy or in Combination for Psoriatic Arthritis: Primary Results from a Randomized, Controlled Phase III Trial","volume":"71","author":"Mease","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol. (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40728","article-title":"Three Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab in Axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"71","author":"Deodhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol. (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213328","article-title":"Risankizumab, an IL-23 inhibitor, for ankylosing spondylitis: Results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept, dose-finding phase 2 study","volume":"77","author":"Baeten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217163","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis: A systematic literature research for the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Kerschbaumer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"200","article-title":"OP0307 Efficacy and safety of risankizumab, a selective il-23p19 inhibitor, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis over 24 weeks: Results from a phase 2 trial","volume":"77","author":"Mease","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204741","article-title":"Ustekinumab, an anti-IL-12\/23 p40 monoclonal antibody, inhibits radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: Results of an integrated analysis of radiographic data from the phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT-1 and PSUMMIT-2 trials","volume":"73","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30263-4","article-title":"Guselkumab in biologic-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis (DISCOVER-2): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"395","author":"Mease","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key032","article-title":"Apremilast monotherapy in DMARD-naive psoriatic arthritis patients: Results of the randomized, placebo-controlled PALACE 4 trial","volume":"57","author":"Wells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615977","article-title":"Tofacitinib for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with an Inadequate Response to TNF Inhibitors","volume":"377","author":"Gladman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208337","article-title":"European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2015 update","volume":"75","author":"Gossec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3262\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:19:52Z","timestamp":1760177992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/10\/3262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9103262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9103262","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]}}}