{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:55:12Z","timestamp":1779335712604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Low ankle\u2013brachial index (ABI) of \u22640.9 is diagnostic of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). It is also a strong marker of generalized atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of low ABI in patients with acute cerebral ischemic events (ACIE): ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: We compared 150 inpatients with ACIE to 50 inpatient controls and assessed risk factors, ABI measurements, and Duplex ultrasound of the cervical vessels. Results: Low ABI was seen in 69 patients (46%) in the ACIE group and in 8 (16%) in the control group; p &lt; 0.01. The mean and median ABI values in the ACIE group were 0.88 (SD = 0.22) and 0.91 (0.24\u20131.33), which were significantly lower than in the control group: 1.04 (SD = 0.16) and 1.0 (0.66\u20131.36); p &lt; 0.0001, respectively. Coronary artery disease, carotid stenosis of \u226550% and smoking were risk factors, which were associated with significantly lower ABI in the study group; the ABI with risk factors vs. without was 0.85 vs. 0.92 (coronary artery disease); p &lt; 0.05, 0.7 vs. 0.92; (carotid stenosis) p &lt; 0.001 and 0.83 vs. 0.98; (smoking) p &lt; 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that patients with ACIE have significantly higher involvement of another vascular bed as LEAD. Coronary artery disease, carotid stenosis \u226550% and smoking were main risk factors associated with coexistence of LEAD and ACIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T05:45:51Z","timestamp":1602913551000},"page":"3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease as Measured by Low Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemic Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Konieczna-Brazis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1226-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Sokal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, Jagiello\u0144ska 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Brazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Dr Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marii Sk\u0142odowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Grzela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The 10th Military Research Hospital, Powstanc\u00f3w Warszawy 5 Street, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9504-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"\u015awito\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Palacz-Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx095","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"39","author":"Aboyans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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