{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:48:53Z","timestamp":1792061333365,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often characterized by bone loss and fragility fractures and is a frequent comorbidity. Compared with a matched population, RA patients with fractures have more common risk factors of osteoporosis and fragility fractures but also risk factors resulting from the disease itself such as duration, intensity of the inflammation and disability, and cachexia. The inflammatory reaction in the synovium results in the production of numerous cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor) that activate osteoclasts and mediate cartilage and bone destruction of the joints, but also have a systemic effect leading to generalized bone loss. Regular bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, fracture risk assessment using tools such as the FRAX algorithm, and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) should be performed for early detection of osteoporosis and accurate treatment in RA patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T20:50:07Z","timestamp":1603227007000},"page":"3361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Bone Loss, Osteoporosis, and Fractures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Patrice","family":"Fardellone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Picardie-Jules Verne University, University hospital of Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Salawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Le Monnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Picardie-Jules Verne University, University hospital of Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Go\u00ebb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Picardie-Jules Verne University, University hospital of Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360213","article-title":"Bone Mineral Density of the Hip and of the Anteroposterior and Lateral Dimensions of the Spine in Men with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Effects of Low-Dose Corticosteroids","volume":"36","author":"Reid","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361105","article-title":"The Effect of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Steroid Therapy on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"36","author":"Hall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91049-9","article-title":"Generalised Bone Loss in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"344","author":"Gough","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100212","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Women. 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