{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:27:00Z","timestamp":1762900020310,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 denotes a global health issue. Data regarding COVID-19 incidence in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are sparse. From 19 March to 19 May 2020, we performed a systematic screening for COVID-19 in KTR. Tests included serum analysis for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using S protein-based immunofluorescence, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and\/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) from nasal-throat swabs. Outpatient serum samples from KTR with PCR confirmed COVID-19, and swab samples from recipients (+donors) undergoing kidney transplantation were analyzed. Out of 223 samples from outpatients, 13 patients were positive with solely anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgA and 3 with both anti-IgA and anti-IgG. In total, 53 patients were symptomatic in the past, but positive results could be found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. After an in depth analysis using immunofluorescence and neutralization tests in 2 KTR, recent COVID-19 infection remained highly suspicious. Apart from outpatient visits, only 5 out of 2044 KTR were symptomatic and tested positive via PCR, of which 4 recovered and one died. All patients showed seroconversion during the course of the disease. This study demonstrated a low seroprevalence in a German KTR cohort, and seroconversion of IgA and IgG after COVID-19 could be demonstrated. Effective containment strategies enabled us to continue our transplant program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1603684307000},"page":"3401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Low Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies during Systematic Antibody Screening and Serum Responses in Patients after COVID-19 in a German Transplant Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0286-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mira","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel Ganesh","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0275-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiebke","family":"Duettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1432-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Duerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Zukunft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Max","family":"Corman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Liefeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Halleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9- Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., and Xiong, Y. 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