{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:21:34Z","timestamp":1760239294342,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["513781 and APP1042231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["513781 and APP1042231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To determine whether the incidence\/outcome of hepatobiliary disease (HBD) has increased over recent decades in community-based Australians with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Longitudinal data from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1; recruitment 1993\u20131996; n = 1291 with T2D) and Phase II (FDS2; 2008\u20132011; n = 1509) were analyzed. Participants with T2D from both Phases were age-, sex-, and postcode-matched 1:4 to people without diabetes. Incident HBD and associated mortality were ascertained from hospitalization, cancer registration, and\/or death certification codes. Incidence rates (IRs) and IR ratios (IRRs) for those with versus without diabetes in FDS1 and FDS2 were calculated. Results: HBD IRs for people without diabetes did not change between Phases. The IRR (95% CI) for people with T2D in FDS2 versus FDS1 was 1.30 (1.01\u20131.68) with the highest IRRs in participants aged &lt;65 years. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/steatohepatitis (NAFLD\/NASH) events were 54% greater in FDS2 than FDS1 in the presence of greater abdominal adiposity. NAFLD\/NASH was coded in one in 11 HBD events in FDS2 and in 10% of HBD deaths (&lt;4% of total mortality). Conclusions: HBD is more frequent in people with versus without T2D and this discrepancy is increasing. Hospitalizations\/deaths due to NAFLD\/NASH remain uncommon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1603684307000},"page":"3409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in the Epidemiology of Hepatobiliary Disease Complicating Type 2 Diabetes over 25 Years: The Fremantle Diabetes Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0749-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia Medical School, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle 6959, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1406-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten E.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia Medical School, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle 6959, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Proteomics International, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A. Paul","family":"Chubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia Medical School, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia Medical School, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia Medical School, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle 6959, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-7-32","article-title":"Improved survival in both men and women with diabetes between 1980 and 2004\u2014A cohort study in Sweden","volume":"7","author":"Eliasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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