{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1763018258620,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) represents a treatment option for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. As shown in several studies, alloHCT is highly effective, but it is hampered by a high toxicity, mainly related to the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a complex immunological reaction ascribable to the donor\u2019s immune system. The morbidity and mortality associated with GVHD can weaken the benefits of this procedure. On the other side, the high therapeutic potential of alloHCT is also related to the donor\u2019s immune system, through immunological activity known as the graft-versus-myeloma effect. Clinical research over the past two decades has sought to enhance the favorable part of this balance, along with the reduction in treatment-related toxicity. Frontline alloHCT showed promising results and a potential for a cure in the past. Currently, thanks to the improved results of first-line therapies and the availability of effective second- or third-line salvage therapies, alloHCT is reserved for selected high-risk patients and is considered a clinical option. For donor lymphocyte infusion, bortezomib or lenalidomide have been used as consolidation or maintenance therapies post-transplant\u2014none has become standard of care. For those patients who relapse, the best treatment should be evaluated considering the patient\u2019s clinical status and the previous lines of therapy. The use of newer drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies or other immunotherapies in the post-transplant setting, deserves further investigation. However, acceptable toxicity and a synergic effect with the newer immune system could be hopefully expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T10:38:35Z","timestamp":1603708715000},"page":"3437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma in the New Drugs Era: A Platform to Cure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mussetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia-Hospitalet, 089080 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4567-3682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Queralt","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Oncologia-Hospitalet, 089080 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Montefusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncohematology Deapartment, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2267","article-title":"Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report From International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"33","author":"Palumbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-116129","article-title":"Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies","volume":"111","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.313","article-title":"Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: Changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.03.002","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Guidelines from the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"For the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Duarte, R.F., Labopin, M., Bader, P., Basak, G.W., Bonini, C., Chabannon, C., Corbacioglu, S., Dreger, P., and Dufour, C. (2019). Indications for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: Current practice in Europe, 2019. Bone Marrow Transplant., 54, 1525\u20131552.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0516-2"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.03.002","article-title":"Indications for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Immune Effector Cell Therapy: Guidelines from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"26","author":"Kanate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"On behalf of the Plasma Cell Disorders Subcommittee of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Auner, H.W., Szydlo, R., Hoek, J., Goldschmidt, H., Stoppa, A.M., Morgan, G.J., Moreau, P., Attal, M., and Marit, G. (2015). Chronic Malignancies Working Party. Trends in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Europe: Increased use and improved outcomes in elderly patients in recent years. Bone Marrow Transplant., 50, 209\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2014.255"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.04.013","article-title":"Current Use of and Trends in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Fretham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"For the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Passweg, J.R., Baldomero, H., Basak, G.W., Chabannon, C., Corbacioglu, S., Duarte, R., Kuball, J., Lankester, A., and Montoto, S. (2019). The EBMT activity survey report 2017: A focus on allogeneic HCT for nonmalignant indications and on the use of non-HCT cell therapies. Bone Marrow Transplant., 54, 1575\u20131585.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0465-9"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110313251802","article-title":"Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"325","author":"Gahrton","year":"1991","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"831","article-title":"Effect of acute and chronic GVHD on relapse and survival after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation for myeloma","volume":"47","author":"Shrestha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.04.027","article-title":"The Graft-Versus-Myeloma Effect: Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease but Not Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prolongs Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Receiving Allogeneic Transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Donato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704290","article-title":"Graft-versus-lymphoma effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in indolent lymphomas relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Mandigers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052638","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation","volume":"354","author":"Copelan","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2955","article-title":"Allografting with nonmyeloablative conditioning following cytoreductive autografts for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"102","author":"Maloney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07984.x","article-title":"Unrelated stem cell transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning for patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after autologous transplantation","volume":"148","author":"Kroger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.325","article-title":"Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Is there a future?","volume":"51","author":"Dhakal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32060","article-title":"Is there still a role for stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma?","volume":"125","author":"Mina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-017-0365-2","article-title":"A View from the Plateau: Is There a Role for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Era of Highly Effective Therapies for Multiple Myeloma?","volume":"12","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malign. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.5807","article-title":"Standard Chemotherapy Compared With High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy for Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of Phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321","volume":"24","author":"Barlogie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.033","article-title":"Partially T-Cell\u2013Depleted Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for First-Line Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Prospective Evaluation of Patients Treated in the Phase III Study HOVON 24 MM","volume":"21","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703652","article-title":"Fludarabine\/melphalan conditioning for allogeneic transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Giralt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0131","article-title":"Autologous stem cell transplantation followed by a dose-reduced allograft induces high complete remission rate in multiple myeloma","volume":"100","author":"Schwerdtfeger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065464","article-title":"A Comparison of Allografting with Autografting for Newly Diagnosed Myeloma","volume":"356","author":"Bruno","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6721","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-339945","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of a comparison of nonmyeloablative allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma","volume":"117","author":"Giaccone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-141598","article-title":"A prospective PETHEMA study of tandem autologous transplantation versus autograft followed by reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Sureda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70243-1","article-title":"Autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation followed by allogeneic or autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (BMT CTN 0102): A phase 3 biological assignment trial","volume":"12","author":"Krishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.7312","article-title":"Tandem Autologous\/Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation Versus Autologous Transplantation in Myeloma: Long-Term Follow-Up","volume":"29","author":"Iacobelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6219","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-393801","article-title":"Donor versus no-donor comparison of newly diagnosed myeloma patients included in the HOVON-50 multiple myeloma study","volume":"119","author":"Lokhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"On behalf of Deutsche Studiengruppe Multiples Myelom, Knop, S., Engelhardt, M., Liebisch, P., Meisner, C., Holler, E., Metzner, B., Peest, D., Kaufmann, M., and Bunjes, D. (2019). Allogeneic transplantation in multiple myeloma: Long-term follow-up and cytogenetic subgroup analysis. Leukemia, 33, 2710\u20132719.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0537-2"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3869","article-title":"Prospective comparison of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by dose-reduced allograft (IFM99-03 trial) with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (IFM99-04 trial) in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma","volume":"107","author":"Garban","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-168823","article-title":"Long-term follow-up results of IFM99-03 and IFM99-04 trials comparing nonmyeloablative allotransplantation with autologous transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma","volume":"112","author":"Moreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.11.018","article-title":"Tandem Autologous-Autologous versus Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Long-Term Follow-Up Results from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network 0102 Trial","volume":"26","author":"Giralt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-469452","article-title":"Autologous\/reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation vs autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma: Long-term results of the EBMT-NMAM2000 study","volume":"121","author":"Gahrton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.03.012","article-title":"Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from Unrelated Donors in Multiple Myeloma: Study from the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry","volume":"19","author":"Passera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-337329","article-title":"Trends in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: A CIBMTR analysis","volume":"118","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1150","article-title":"Unrelated stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma after a reduced-intensity conditioning with pretransplantation antithymocyte globulin is highly effective with low transplantation-related mortality","volume":"100","author":"Sayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.187","article-title":"Second transplants for multiple myeloma relapsing after a previous autotransplant\u2014Reduced-intensity allogeneic vs. autologous transplantation","volume":"49","author":"Freytes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.07.026","article-title":"Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Relapsed after Autograft: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Based on Donor Availability","volume":"18","author":"Patriarca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.05.006","article-title":"Haploidentical Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis","volume":"23","author":"Castagna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.04.018","article-title":"Long-Term Results of Prophylactic Donor Lymphocyte Infusions for Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Gagelmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2010.03.004","article-title":"Role of donor lymphocyte infusions in relapsed hematological malignancies after stem cell transplantation revisited","volume":"36","author":"Deol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705393","article-title":"Prognostic factors for donor lymphocyte infusions following non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma","volume":"37","author":"Hegenbart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2012.10.032","article-title":"Bortezomib Plus Dexamethasone Followed by Escalating Donor Lymphocyte Infusions for Patients with Multiple Myeloma Relapsing or Progressing after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Montefusco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"2615","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors: A novel class of potent and effective antitumor agents","volume":"59","author":"Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2016.05.005","article-title":"Bortezomib for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.05.011","article-title":"Effects of Bortezomib on the Immune System: A Focus on Immune Regulation","volume":"19","author":"Mohty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017010686","article-title":"Tandem autologous\/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with bortezomib maintenance therapy for high-risk myeloma","volume":"1","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.09.063","article-title":"Profound MRD negativity rates after frontline tandem autologous-allogeneic stem cell transplantation followed by bortezomib maintenance in high-risk or young myeloma patients","volume":"19","author":"Leblanc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Segura, M.R., Martin, J., and Jim\u00e9nez, J.L. (2020, January 11\u201321). Phase II Clinical Trial (EMN-ALLORIC 2010) of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for High-risk Multiple Myeloma. Proceedings of the 25th EHA Congress, Frankfurt, Germany. Abstract #2676."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12184","article-title":"High response rate and improved graft-versus-host disease following bortezomib as salvage therapy after reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"93","author":"Michallet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S93602","article-title":"Spotlight on ixazomib: Potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"217","author":"Azab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-07-567958","article-title":"The novel mechanism of lenalidomide activity","volume":"126","author":"Fink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348292","article-title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma is not feasible: Results of the HOVON 76 Trial","volume":"118","author":"Kneppers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.04.014","article-title":"Lenalidomide Maintenance for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Alsina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2012.10.004","article-title":"Postallograft lenalidomide induces strong NK cell\u2013mediated antimyeloma activity and risk for T cell\u2013mediated GvHD: Results from a phase I\/II dose-finding study","volume":"41","author":"Wolschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.564695","article-title":"Lenalidomide can induce long-term responses in patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after multiple chemotherapy lines, in particular after allogeneic transplant","volume":"52","author":"Spina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.09.017","article-title":"Impact of New Drugs on the Long-Term Follow-Up of Upfront Tandem Autograft\u2013Allograft in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"24","author":"Giaccone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.069328","article-title":"Lenalidomide as salvage treatment for multiple myeloma relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A report from the French Society of Bone Marrow and Cellular Therapy","volume":"98","author":"Coman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.219","article-title":"A prospective study of lenalidomide monotherapy for relapse after Allo-SCT for multiple myeloma","volume":"49","author":"Bensinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12532","article-title":"Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Development of Elotuzumab: Development of Elotuzumab in Myeloma","volume":"11","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02551","article-title":"Mechanisms of NK Cell Activation and Clinical Activity of the Therapeutic SLAMF7 Antibody, Elotuzumab in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1635","article-title":"[Elotuzumab treatment for a multiple myeloma patient relapsing after allogenic stem cell transplantation]","volume":"60","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rinsho Ketsueki"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02134","article-title":"CD38 Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma: Mechanisms of Action and Modes of Resistance","volume":"9","author":"Usmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Klyuchnikov, E., Von Pein, U.E., and Ayuk, F. (2017, January 14\u201317). Daratumumab Is an Effective and Safe Salvage Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Patients with Multiple Myeloma After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Proceedings of the 23rd EHA Congress, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A.P., Lopez-Corral, L., and Bermudez, A. (2017, January 14\u201317). Efficacy and Tolerability of Daratumumab After Allogeneic Transplantation for Heavily Treated Multiple Myeloma. Proceedings of the 23rd EHA Congress, Stockholm, Sweden. Abstract #E1286."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706169","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy","volume":"379","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-752121","article-title":"Posttransplant chimeric antigen receptor therapy","volume":"131","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S151282","article-title":"Bispecific antibodies: Design, therapy, perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Sedykh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.08.028","article-title":"Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children","volume":"22","author":"Plantinga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.159","article-title":"The development of immunoconjugates for targeted cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Smaglo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"BMT CTN (2020, September 03). Protocol 1302. Available online: https:\/\/web.emmes.com\/study\/bmt2\/protocol\/1302_protocol\/BMT%20CTN%201302%20MM%20Synopsis%20v3.0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.183","article-title":"Allogeneic stem cell transplantation and subsequent treatments as a comprehensive strategy for long-term survival of multiple myeloma patients","volume":"52","author":"Montefusco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.02.020","article-title":"Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Survival Outcomes and Factors Influencing Them","volume":"26","author":"Chhabra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.09.016","article-title":"American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network, and International Myeloma Working Group Consensus Conference on Salvage Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Giralt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6679","article-title":"Lenalidomide Maintenance After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"35","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.09.018","article-title":"Outcomes of Haploidentical Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: An EBMT\/CIBMTR Report","volume":"25","author":"Sahebi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/11\/3437\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:28:30Z","timestamp":1760178510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/11\/3437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9113437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9113437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]}}}