{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:03:07Z","timestamp":1780963387807,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyphenols, with anti-oxidant properties, counteract oxidative stress effects. Increasing evidence has found oxidative stressto be the main risk factor for trabecular meshwork (TM) damage, leading to high-tension glaucoma. Topical anti-oxidants could represent a new target for glaucoma treatment. Our aim is to investigate the protective mechanisms on a human TM culture of a patented polyphenol and fatty acid (iTRAB\u00ae)formulation in response to oxidative stress using an advanced invitromodel consisting of 3D-human TM cells, embedded in a natural hydrogel, and a milli-scaled multi-organ device model for constantdynamic conditions. The 3D-human TM cells(3D-HTMCs) were treated daily with 500 \u00b5M H2O2or 500 \u00b5M H2O2and 0.15% iTRAB\u00ae(m\/v) for 72 h, and molecular differences in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), state of the cells, activation of the apoptosis pathway and NF-kB and the expression ofinflammatory and fibrotic markers wereanalyzed at different time-points.Concomitant exposure significantly reduced iROS and restored TM viability, iTRAB\u00ae having a significant inhibitory effect on the apoptotic pathway, activation of NF-\u03baB, induction of pro-inflammatory (IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u00df and TNF\u03b1) and pro-fibrotic (TGF\u03b2) cytokines and the matrix metalloproteinase expressions. It is clear that this specific anti-oxidant provides a valid TM protection, suggesting iTRAB\u00ae could be an adjuvant therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1604653384000},"page":"3584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Can Polyphenols in Eye Drops Be Useful for Trabecular Protection from Oxidative Damage?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sergio Claudio","family":"Sacc\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS, San Martino General Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Izzotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Vernazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tirendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching &amp; Research (Centro 3R), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Scarf\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching &amp; Research (Centro 3R), Italy"},{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Gandolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4633-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching &amp; Research (Centro 3R), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacca, S.C., Corazza, P., Gandolfi, S.A., Ferrari, D., Sukkar, S.G., Iorio, E.L., and Traverso, C.E. 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