{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T03:28:59Z","timestamp":1783913339525,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>About half of the patients with fibromyalgia (FM) had a lifetime major depression episode and one third had a panic disorder (PD). Because the co-morbidity between bipolar disorder (BD) and PD marks a specific subtype of BD we aimed to investigate if co-morbid BD\/PD (comBD\/PD) occurs more frequently than the single disorder in FM patients and evaluate the clinical significance and timing of this co-morbidity. Further, we explored the role of co-morbid subthreshold BD and PD. In 118 patients with FM, lifetime threshold and sub-threshold mood disorders and PD were diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Clinical Interview. Demographic and clinical variables were compared in co-morbid BD\/PD (comBD\/PD) and not co-morbid BD\/PD (nocomBD\/PD) subgroups. The co-morbidity BD\/PD was seen in 46.6% of FM patients and in 68.6% when patients with minor bipolar (MinBD) and sub-threshold panic were included. These rates are higher than those of the general population and BD outpatients. There were no statistically significant differences between threshold and sub-threshold comBD\/PD and nocom-BD\/PD subgroups in demographic and clinical parameters. In the majority of patients (78.2%), the onset of comBD\/PD preceded or was contemporary with FM. These findings support the hypothesis that comBD\/PD is related to the development of FM in a subgroup of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1605017441000},"page":"3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Co-Morbidity between Bipolar and Panic Disorder in Fibromyalgia Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Alciati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Albese con Cassano, via Roma 16, 22032 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve, Emanuele-Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Atzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Caldirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Albese con Cassano, via Roma 16, 22032 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve, Emanuele-Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital, Albese con Cassano, via Roma 16, 22032 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve, Emanuele-Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136-1015, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piercarlo","family":"Sarzi-Puttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.004","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in a community sample of women with fibromyalgia","volume":"12","author":"Raphael","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146329.63158.40","article-title":"Comorbid depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relationship to somatic and psychosocial variables","volume":"66","author":"Thieme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom. 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