{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:35:31Z","timestamp":1781127331514,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C100905512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C100905512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: When a patient with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) depends on continuous compression management, that is, when interstitial fluid accumulation is continuously ongoing, surgical treatment should be considered. Physiologic surgery is considered more effective for early-stage lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of patients with BCRL who will be compression-dependent despite 2 years of conservative care. Methods: This study included patients with BCRL who followed up for 2 years. Patients were classified into two groups (compression-dependent vs. compression-free). We identified the proportion of compression-dependent patients and predictors of compression dependence. Results: Among 208 patients, 125 (60.1%) were classified into the compression-dependent group. Compression dependence was higher in patients with direct radiotherapy to the lymph nodes (LNs), those with five or more LNs resections, and those with BCRL occurring at least 1 year after surgery. Conclusions: BCRL patients with direct radiotherapy to the LNs, extensive LN dissection, and delayed onset may be compression-dependent despite 2 years of conservative care. Initially moderate to severe BCRL and a history of cellulitis also seem to be strongly associated with compression dependence. Our results allow for the early prediction of compression-dependent patients who should be considered for physiologic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T20:17:52Z","timestamp":1605212272000},"page":"3640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Who Will Continuously Depend on Compression to Control Persistent or Progressive Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Despite 2 Years of Conservative Care?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JaYoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Joo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma. Nessa","family":"Gelvosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Geun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsik John","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsuk Peter","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Pio","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwa Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1534-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Yong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.4899","article-title":"Lymphedema after breast cancer: Incidence, risk factors, and effect on upper body function","volume":"26","author":"Hayes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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