{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T19:46:19Z","timestamp":1778355979480,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu branch","award":["grants 104-HCH071 and 106-HCH014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grants 104-HCH071 and 106-HCH014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Modern pacemakers can detect atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) as a surrogate for AF. It remains controversial whether inflammation is a cause or a consequence of AF. This study investigated whether the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can predict subsequent AHREs. This study gathered prospective data from patients with pacemakers and a left ventricle EF \u2265 50% between 2015 and 2019. The hs-CRP and other cardiac biomarkers at baseline and device-detected AHREs, defined as atrial rate \u2265 180 bpm and duration \u2265 6 min, were determined. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the independent predictors for AHREs. A total of 171 consecutive patients were included. During the median follow-up of 614 days, 66 patients (39%) developed subsequent AHREs. In the univariate Cox regression analysis, sick sinus syndrome (p = 0.005), prior AF (p &lt; 0.001), mitral A velocity (p = 0.008), and hs-CRP (p = 0.013) showed significant association with the increased risk of AHREs. In the multivariate Cox regression model, hs-CRP (HR = 1.121, 95% confidence interval = 1.015\u20131.238, p = 0.024) retained its significance. Our results suggest that elevated hs-CRP could predict subsequent AHREs and that inflammation could play a role in AF pathogenesis in patients with preserved EF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T21:48:52Z","timestamp":1605563332000},"page":"3677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein is a Predictor of Subsequent Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Pacemakers and Preserved Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-6554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Tsun","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2521-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Tse","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Wen","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"i4482","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"Odutayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin. 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