{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:01:28Z","timestamp":1790654488047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIHR Maudsley BRC","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In people with depression, immune dysfunctions have been linked with treatment non-response, but examinations of psychological therapy outcomes, particularly longitudinal biomarker studies, are rare. This study investigated relationships between inflammation, depressive subtypes and clinical outcomes to psychological therapy. Adults with depression (n = 96) were assessed before and after a course of naturalistically-delivered psychological therapy. In total, 32 serum inflammatory proteins were examined alongside therapy outcomes and depressive subtypes (somatic\/cognitive symptom subtype, and bipolar\/unipolar depression). Overall, 49% of participants responded to treatment. High levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1), and low interferon-\u03b3 (IFN\u03b3), preceded a poorer response to therapy. After therapy, non-responders had elevated c-reactive protein (CRP), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP4), and attenuated IFNy. Non-somatic depressive symptoms were universally not associated with proteins, while somatic-depressive symptom severity was positively correlated with several pro-inflammatory markers. In the somatic subgroup only, IL-6 and serum amyloid alpha (SAA) decreased between pre- and post-therapy timepoints. Regardless of treatment response, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15 and IL-17 increased over time. These results suggest that inflammation is associated with somatic symptoms of depression and non-response to psychological therapy. Future work may enhance the prospective prediction of treatment-response by examining larger samples of individuals undertaking standardised treatment programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T20:25:49Z","timestamp":1606940749000},"page":"3918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Inflammatory Proteins and Clinical Response to Psychological Therapy in Patients with Depression: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2984-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Strawbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Marwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"},{"name":"South London &amp; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine M.","family":"Pariante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"},{"name":"South London &amp; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Colasanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex University, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Cleare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"},{"name":"South London &amp; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.16206","article-title":"Biomarkers for Depression: Recent Insights, Current Challenges and Future Prospects","volume":"16","author":"Strawbridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117725711","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory treatments for mood disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Strawbridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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