{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:18Z","timestamp":1787028678923,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nuck\u2019s hydroceles, which develop in a protruding part of the parietal peritoneum into the female inguinal canal, are rare abnormalities and a cause of inguinal swelling, mostly resulting in pain. They appear when this evagination of the parietal peritoneum into the inguinal canal fails to obliterate. Our review of the literature on this topic included several case reports and two case series that presented cases of Nuck hydroceles which underwent surgical therapy. We present six consecutive cases of symptomatic hydroceles of Nuck\u2019s canal from September 2016 to January 2020 at the Department of Surgery of Charit\u00e9 Berlin. Several of these patients had a long history of pain and consecutive consultations to outpatient clinics without diagnosis. These patients underwent laparoscopic or conventional excision and if needed simultaneous hernioplasty in our institution. Ultrasonography and\/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging were used to display the cystic lesion in the inguinal area, providing the diagnosis of Nuck\u2019s hydrocele. This finding was confirmed intraoperatively and by histopathological review. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) captures, intraoperative pictures and video of minimal invasive treatment are provided. Nuck\u2019s hydroceles should be included in the differential diagnosis of an inguinal swelling. We recommend an open approach to external Type 1 Nuck\u00b4s hydroceles and a laparoscopic approach to intra-abdominal Type 2 Nuck hydroceles. Complex hydroceles like Type 3 have to be evaluated individually, as they are challenging and the surgical outcome is dependent on the surgeon\u2019s skills. If inguinal channel has been widened by the presence of a Nuck\u2019s hydrocele, a mesh plasty, as performed in hernia surgery, should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:45:36Z","timestamp":1607906736000},"page":"4026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Hydroceles of the Canal of Nuck in Adults\u2014Diagnostic, Treatment and Results of a Rare Condition in Females"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Fikatas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis-Fivos","family":"Megas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiriaki","family":"Mantouvalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alkatout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kiel School of Gynecological Endoscopy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Stra\u00dfe 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha S.","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Biebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Pratschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8956-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Raakow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augistenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3853-6","article-title":"Canal of Nuck hernia: A multimodality imaging review","volume":"47","author":"Rees","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2058460119889867","article-title":"Canal of Nuck hernias","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Radiol. 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