{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:29:13Z","timestamp":1760239753569,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated prognostic factors associated with refractory left ventricle (LV) failure leading to LV assist device (LVAD), heart transplant or death in patients on an axial flow pump support for cardiogenic shock (CS). Sixty-two CS patients with an Impella\u00ae CP or 5.0 implant were retrospectively enrolled, and clinical, biological, echocardiographic, coronarographic and management data were collected. They were compared according to the 30-day outcome. Patients were mainly male (n = 55, 89%), 58 \u00b1 11 years old and most had no history of heart failure or coronary artery disease (70%). The main etiology of CS was acute coronary syndrome (n = 57, 92%). They presented with severe LV failure (LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 22 \u00b1 9%), organ malperfusion (lactate 3.1 \u00b1 2.1 mmol\/L), and frequent use of inotropes, vasopressors, and mechanical ventilation (59, 66 and 30%, respectively). At 24 h, non-recovery was associated with higher total bilirubin (odds ratios (OR) 1.07 (1.00\u20131.14); p = 0.039), lower LVEF (OR 0.89 (0.81\u20130.96); p = 0.006) and the number of administrated amines (OR 4.31 (1.30\u201314.30); p = 0.016). Early evaluation in patients with CS with an axial flow pump implant may enable the identification of factors associated with an unlikely recovery and would call for early screening for LVAD or heart transplant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T20:42:01Z","timestamp":1608583321000},"page":"4130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Evaluation of Patients on Axial Flow Pump Support for Refractory Cardiogenic Shock Is Associated with Left Ventricular Recovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Fagot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Cardiac Imaging Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8642-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bouisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Bonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nord, Aix-Marseille Univeristy, 13385 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Association for Research and Studies in Cardiology (MARS Cardio), 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Biendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Lhermusier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Porterie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4093-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Roncalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Galinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meyer","family":"Elbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lairez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Cardiac Imaging Center, University Hospital of Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Delmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00879-2","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction\u2014Etiologies, management and outcome: A report from the SHOCK Trial Registry","volume":"36","author":"Hochman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.260","article-title":"Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock","volume":"17","author":"Harjola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.02.001","article-title":"Design and preliminary results of FRENSHOCK 2016: A prospective nationwide multicentre registry on cardiogenic shock","volume":"112","author":"Delmas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00005","article-title":"AMIS Plus Registry Investigators. Ten-year trends in the incidence and treatment of cardiogenic shock","volume":"149","author":"Jeger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1750","article-title":"Trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction","volume":"22","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901","article-title":"Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock","volume":"341","author":"Hochman","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814947","article-title":"Thirty-year trends (1975 to 2005) in the magnitude of, management of, and hospital death rates associated with cardiogenic shock in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A population-based perspective","volume":"119","author":"Goldberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000590","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000590","article-title":"Trends in incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Kolte","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e232","article-title":"American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; and Mission: Lifeline. Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"136","author":"Katz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv051","article-title":"Management of cardiogenic shock","volume":"36","author":"Thiele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0254","article-title":"Association of Use of an Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device vs Intra-aortic Balloon Pump with In-Hospital Mortality and Major Bleeding Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock","volume":"323","author":"Dhruva","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044007","article-title":"The Evolving Landscape of Impella Use in the United States Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Mechanical Circulatory Support","volume":"141","author":"Amin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009449","article-title":"Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials: A consensus report from the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium","volume":"123","author":"Mehran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1343","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-19-00428","article-title":"Observational multicentre registry of patients treated with IMPella mechanical circulatory support device in ITaly: The IMP-IT registry","volume":"15","author":"Chieffo","year":"2020","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.03.024","article-title":"Analysis of outcomes for 15,259 US patients with acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (AMICS) supported with the Impella device","volume":"202","author":"Grines","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28329","article-title":"SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: This document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of ThoracicSurgeons (STS) in April 2019","volume":"94","author":"Baran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.037","article-title":"Effect of Early Initiation of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Survival in Cardiogenic Shock","volume":"119","author":"Basir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/joic.12080","article-title":"The current use of Impella 2.5 in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: Results from the USpella Registry","volume":"27","author":"Schreiber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Interv. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00074","article-title":"Influence of Timing and Predicted Risk on Mortality in Impella-Treated Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock Patients","volume":"7","author":"Werner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.05.040","article-title":"Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiogenic Shock","volume":"122","author":"Bellumkonda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/12\/4130\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:48:06Z","timestamp":1760179686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/9\/12\/4130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm9124130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9124130","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]}}}