{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:54:39Z","timestamp":1792720479686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103418, P20GM103638, K12GM63651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103418, P20GM103638, K12GM63651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JDB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurons form elaborate networks by guiding axons and dendrites to appropriate destinations. Neurites require information about the relative body axes during the initial projection from the cell body, and failure to receive or interpret those cues correctly can result in outgrowth errors. We identified a mutation in the Ig superfamily member syg-2 in a screen for animals with anterior\/posterior (A\/P) axon guidance defects. We found that syg-2 and its cognate Ig family member syg-1 appear to function in a linear genetic pathway to control the outgrowth of GABAergic axons. We determined that this pathway works in parallel to Wnt signaling. Specifically, mutations in syg-2 or syg-1 selectively affected the embryonically derived Dorsal D-type (DD) GABAergic neurons. We found no evidence that these mutations affected the Ventral D-type neurons (VD) that form later, during the first larval stage. In addition, mutations in syg-1 or syg-2 could result in the DD neurons forming multiple processes, becoming bipolar, rather than the expected pseudounipolar morphology. Given SYG-2\u2032s essential function in synaptogenesis of the hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs), we also examined DD neuron synapses in syg-2 mutants. We found syg-2 mutants had a decreased number of synapses formed, but synaptic morphology was largely normal. These results provide further evidence that the GABAergic motorneurons use multiple guidance pathways during development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb10010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T20:29:26Z","timestamp":1641760166000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Immunoglobulin Superfamily Members syg-2 and syg-1 Regulate Neurite Development in C. elegans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dana K.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 5004 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe S.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 5004 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Ackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 5004 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.01.014","article-title":"Elegans fmi-1\/flamingo and Wnt pathway components interact genetically to control the anteroposterior neurite growth of the VD GABAergic neurons","volume":"377","author":"Najarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. 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