{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:11:19Z","timestamp":1789906279097,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]],"date-time":"2016-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JDB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Hedgehog signalling pathway is evolutionarily highly conserved and essential for embryonic development of invertebrates and vertebrates. Consequently, impaired Hedgehog signalling results in very severe human diseases, ranging from holoprosencephaly to Pallister-Hall syndrome. Due to this great importance for human health, the focus of numerous research groups is placed on the investigation of the detailed mechanisms underlying Hedgehog signalling. Today, it is known that tiny cell protrusions, known as primary cilia, are necessary to mediate Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates. Although the Hedgehog pathway is one of the best studied signalling pathways, many questions remain. One of these questions is: How do primary cilia control Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates? Recently, it was shown that primary cilia regulate a special kind of proteasome which is essential for proper Hedgehog signalling. This review article will cover this novel cilia-proteasome association in embryonic Hedgehog signalling and discuss the possibilities provided by future investigations on this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb4030027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T10:02:01Z","timestamp":1473069721000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Control of Hedgehog Signalling by the Cilia-Regulated Proteasome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Wiegering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/287795a0","article-title":"Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila","volume":"287","author":"Wieschaus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90626-2","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA","volume":"75","author":"Riddle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90627-3","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog, a member of a family of putative signaling molecules, is implicated in the regulation of CNS polarity","volume":"75","author":"Echelard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90628-4","article-title":"A functionally conserved homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene hh is expressed in tissues with polarizing activity in zebrafish embryos","volume":"75","author":"Krauss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.938601","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling in animal development: Paradigms and principles","volume":"15","author":"Ingham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80344-X","article-title":"Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1","volume":"19","author":"Hynes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E147","DOI":"10.1038\/14099","article-title":"The works of GLI and the power of hedgehog","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. 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