{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:23Z","timestamp":1787028683198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JDB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Caudal autotomy, the ability to shed a portion of the tail, is a widespread defence strategy among lizards. Following caudal autotomy, and during regeneration, lizards face both short- and long-term costs associated with the physical loss of the tail and the energy required for regeneration. As such, the speed at which the individual regenerates its tail (regeneration rate) should reflect the fitness priorities of the individual. However, multiple factors influence the regeneration rate in lizards, making inter-specific comparisons difficult and hindering broader scale investigations. We review regeneration rates for lizards and tuatara from the published literature, discuss how species\u2019 fitness priorities and regeneration rates are influenced by specific, life history and environmental factors, and provide recommendations for future research. Regeneration rates varied extensively (0\u20134.3 mm\/day) across the 56 species from 14 family groups. Species-specific factors, influencing regeneration rates, varied based on the type of fracture plane, age, sex, reproductive season, and longevity. Environmental factors including temperature, photoperiod, nutrition, and stress also affected regeneration rates, as did the method of autotomy induction, and the position of the tail also influenced regeneration rates for lizards. Additionally, regeneration could alter an individual\u2019s behaviour, growth, and reproductive output, but this varied depending on the species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jdb9040053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:02:36Z","timestamp":1638334956000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["At What Cost? Trade-Offs and Influences on Energetic Investment in Tail Regeneration in Lizards Following Autotomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"James I.","family":"Barr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0618-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3036-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip W.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.08.005","article-title":"Evolution of animal regeneration: Re-emergence of a field","volume":"25","author":"Bely","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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