{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:45:05Z","timestamp":1768229105497,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEMR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eye tracking (ET) technology is increasingly used in both research and clinical practice, but its accuracy may be compromised by the presence of ophthalmic lenses. This study systematically evaluated the influence of different optical prescriptions and lens treatments on ET performance using DIVE (Device for an Integral Visual Examination). Fourteen healthy participants underwent oculomotor control tests under thirteen optical conditions: six with varying dioptric powers and six with optical filters, compared against a no-lens control. Key parameters analysed included angle error, fixation stability (bivariate contour ellipse area, BCEA), saccadic accuracy, number of data gaps, and proportion of valid frames. High-powered spherical lenses (+6.00 D and \u22126.00 D) significantly increased gaze angle error, and the negative lens also increased data gaps, while cylindrical lenses had a moderate effect. Among filters, the Natural IR coating caused the greatest deterioration in ET performance, reducing valid samples and increasing the number of gaps with data loss, likely due to interference with the infrared-based detection system. The lens with basic anti-reflective treatment (SV Org 1.5 AR) also showed some deterioration in interaction with the ET. Other filters showed minimal or no significant impact. These findings demonstrate that both high-powered prescriptions and certain lens treatments can compromise ET data quality, highlighting the importance of accounting for optical conditions in experimental design and clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jemr19010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T15:30:32Z","timestamp":1767195032000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Ophthalmic Lens Power and Treatments on Eye Tracking Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7757-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Lacort-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8140-1396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Alejandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0524-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5592-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Vilella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Pueyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-9128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Esteban-Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIVE Medical S.L., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Arag\u00f3n Health Research Institute (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahri Sqalli, M., Aslonov, B., Gafurov, M., Mukhammadiev, N., and Sqalli Houssaini, Y. 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