{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:02:25Z","timestamp":1777482145992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEMR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is characterized by optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia and is generally associated with poor visual prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe patients with acute OAS who demonstrated substantial recovery of visual function and ocular motility. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated for OAS at a tertiary medical center between 2019 and 2024 whose condition ultimately proved reversible. Data on demographics, clinical findings, imaging, management, and follow-up were collected. Six patients (three female, three male; age range 14\u201387 years) were included and followed for a median follow-up of 7 months (range 2\u201331). All presented with reduced vision and ophthalmoplegia of varying severity. Underlying etiologies included inflammatory disease (n = 2), lymphoma, infection, blunt trauma, and post-surgical OAS of undetermined etiology (n = 1 each). Treatment was directed at the underlying cause. Visual acuity ranged from 20\/30 to hand motion (HM) at presentation and 20\/15 to 20\/60 at the final visit. Improvement in vision and ocular motility occurred after a median time to clinical improvement of 2.37 months (range 0.25\u20135 months). Near-complete recovery of ocular motility was observed in all patients, with only one retaining mild abduction limitation. These findings highlight a subset of OAS cases with favorable outcomes and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and etiology-directed management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jemr19030043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1777382801000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reversible Orbital Apex Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yakov","family":"Rabinovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Man Peles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zina","family":"Almer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 7030001, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris Ben","family":"Bassat-Mizrachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Sapir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Hadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Zahavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitza","family":"Goldenberg-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel"},{"name":"The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion\u2014Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02573-w","article-title":"A systematic review of the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex","volume":"43","author":"Engin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. 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