{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:56:36Z","timestamp":1790045796334,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1420502052601-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1420502052601-39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEMR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sleep monitoring terminal display (SMTD) designated for sleep cabins provides data visualizations of sleep profiles, yet poses challenges concerning visually informed interfaces. Given the scarcity of research on the SMTD interface, this study aims to evaluate the influence of SMTD-related factors, including stimulus areas of interest (AOIs), user experiences and tasks, on user visual perceptions while interacting with the SMTD system. Eye-tracking experimental contexts drawn from authentic settings are used to examine how the SMTD interfaces affect visual perceptions under varying tasks. Forty valid samples were collected, and pupil sizes (PSs), task performances, satisfaction, and usability were statistically compared and evaluated. The findings indicated that tasks had no significant effects, but user experiences and stimuli AOIs had significant main effects on PSs. In addition, task completion time ratio and tracking ratio between the two tasks varied; physical demand exceeded mental demand in task 1, whereas it was the opposite in task 2. The effectiveness of post-optimized interfaces was additionally substantiated through combining subjective ratings and objective metrics. The SMTD study provides novel insights for digital interface development and helps enhance users\u2019 integrated visual perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jemr19040077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1784084812000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Sleep Monitoring Terminal Displays-Related Factors on User Visual Perception via Eye-Tracking and Tasks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1179-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengkai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100107","article-title":"Trends in sleep problems and patterns among Japanese adolescents: 2004 to 2017","volume":"9","author":"Otsuka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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