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This study used a repeated-measures, within-subject design (N = 38) to compare three types of exhibit text presentation: environment-based, object-based, and user-based. Eye tracking, the NASA Task Load Index, and semi-structured interviews were used to examine the users\u2019 visual attention patterns and cognitive load. The results showed significant differences in cognitive load across presentation conditions (p &lt; 0.05), with the object-based layout associated with relatively higher cognitive load and more active visual behavior. These findings provide empirical evidence on how exhibit text presentation affects visitors\u2019 experience in digital museums and offer design implications for textual information in digital reading environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jemr19040084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:51:23Z","timestamp":1785772283000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Exhibit Text Presentation Types on Visual Attention Patterns and Cognitive Load in Digital Museums: An Eye-Tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7038-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghuang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Product Design, Academy of Fine Arts, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3405-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanjia","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, No. 2 East Yinghua Road, North End of Heping Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Smart Experience Design, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage5010011","article-title":"Museums and Digital Culture: From Reality to Digitality in the Age of COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Giannini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, J. 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