{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:59:30Z","timestamp":1760151570380,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1C1C1003524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1C1C1003524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutralising monoclonal antibodies for tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has been widely used to treat Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) in clinical practice. However, differential individual response necessitates a therapeutic response assessment of anti-TNF agents in CD patients for optimizing therapeutic strategy. We aimed to predict anti-TNF therapy response in CD patients using transcriptome analyses. Transcriptome analyses were performed using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, GeneCards, and Human Protein Atlas databases. The significantly mitigated biological functions associated with anti-TNF therapy resistance in CD patients encompassed immune pathways, including Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and rheumatoid arthritis. The scores of immune cell markers, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages\/monocytes were also significantly decreased in non-responders compared with that measured in anti-TNF therapy responders. The KAT2B gene, associated with IL-17 cytokine mediated neutrophil mobilization and activation, was significantly under-expressed in both tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in anti-TNF therapy-resistant CD patients. The reduced expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines due to down-regulated IL-17 signaling, is suggestive of the primary non-response to anti-TNF agents in CD patients. Furthermore, the PBMC KAT2B gene signature may be a promising pre-treatment prognostic biomarker for anti-TNF drug response in CD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13020036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:28:39Z","timestamp":1648675719000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Uncovering Novel Pre-Treatment Molecular Biomarkers for Anti-TNF Therapeutic Response in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Seob","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Myung","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Won","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Bee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 05278, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","article-title":"Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"491","author":"Jostins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2017.27","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic biomarkers of response in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001199","article-title":"Understanding the cautions and contraindications of immunomodulator and biologic therapies for use in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Cohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm. 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