{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:39:45Z","timestamp":1783121985974,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, some physicochemical and antibacterial properties of three root canal filling materials for primary teeth, Calplus \u201cCP\u201d (Prevest DenPro, Lewes, DE, USA), Bio-C Pulpecto \u201cBio-CP\u201d (Angelus, Basil, Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil), and Zinc Oxide and Eugenol \u201cZOE\u201d (Prevest DenPro, Lewes, DE, USA) were compared. For each material, the pH, solubility, contact angle, and crystalline microstructure under SEM were evaluated. Their antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was determined through direct tests. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used to analyze the results using a one-way analysis of variance on ranks. All the materials had an alkaline pH at 3, 24, and 72 h, with CalPlus having the highest (p &lt; 0.05). Bio-CP was more soluble during the evaluation period (24 h) than ZOE and CalPlus (p &lt; 0.05). Bio-CP and ZOE demonstrated the creation of crystallite structures on their surfaces after immersion in PBS at 37 \u00b0C, whereas CalPlus showed none. The lowest contact angle was observed for Bio-CP (53 \u00b1 1.5\u00b0); contact angles of (86 \u00b1 4\u00b0) and (96 \u00b1 1\u00b0), respectively, were observed after 10 s of the deposition of the water drop for CalPlus and ZOE. In conclusion, according to this study, there is still a need to develop new filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE, CalPlus and Bio-CP demonstrated different physicochemical and antibacterial properties, but none of the materials had optimal properties and could be considered the most suitable filling material for primary teeth pulpectomy. Bioceramics in their current state are not an alternative. The physicochemical and antibacterial properties still need improvement to fit the intricate anatomy of primary teeth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T01:43:11Z","timestamp":1665279791000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Conventional and Two Premixed Root Canal Filling Materials in Primary Teeth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5928-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire El","family":"Hachem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude Abou","family":"Chedid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Nehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc Krikor","family":"Kaloustian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Sahnouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7376-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Mancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pital Civil, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Haikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le de M\u00e9decine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, H\u00f4pital Civil, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6768-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naji","family":"Kharouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nonvital Pulp Therapy for Primary Teeth","volume":"42","author":"Coll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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