{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:23:27Z","timestamp":1785799407519,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/25054-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/25054-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/08568-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08568-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408440\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408440\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.480310\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.480310\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/25054-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/25054-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/08568-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08568-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408440\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408440\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.480310\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.480310\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/25054-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/25054-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/08568-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08568-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408440\/2021-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408440\/2021-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.480310\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.480310\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strontium acetate is applied for dental hypersensitivity treatment; however, the use of strontium carbonates for this purpose has not been described. The use of Sr-carbonate nanoparticles takes advantage of both the benefits of strontium on dentin mineralization and the abrasive properties of carbonates. Here in, we aimed to synthesize strontium carbonate and strontium-substituted calcium carbonate nanoparticles and test them as potential compounds in active dentifrices for treating dental hypersensitivity. For this, SrCO3, Sr0.5Ca0.5CO3, and CaCO3 nanoparticles were precipitated using Na2CO3, SrCl2, and\/or CaCl2 as precursors. Their morphology and crystallinity were evaluated by electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The nanoparticles were added to a poly (vinyl alcohol) gel and used to brush dentin surfaces isolated from human third molars. Dentin chemical composition before and after brushing was investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy. Dentin tubule morphology, obliteration, and resistance of the coatings to acid attack were investigated by SEM and EDS. The cytotoxicity and ability of the particles to trigger the mineralization of hDPSCs in vitro were studied. Dentin brushed with the nanoparticles was coated by a mineral layer that was also able to penetrate the tubules, while CaCO3 remained as individual particles on the surface. FTIR bands related to carbonate groups were intensified after brushing with either SrCO3 or Sr0.5Ca0.5CO3. The shift of the phosphate-related FTIR band to a lower wavenumber indicated that strontium replaced calcium on the dentin structure after treatment. The coating promoted by SrCO3 or Sr0.5Ca0.5CO3 resisted the acid attack, while calcium and phosphorus were removed from the top of the dentin surface. The nanoparticles were not toxic to hDPSCs and elicited mineralization of the cells, as revealed by increased mineral nodule formation and enhanced expression of COL1, ALP, and RUNX2. Adding Sr0.5Ca0.5CO3 as an active ingredient in dentifrices formulations may be commercially advantageous since this compound combines the well-known abrasive properties of calcium carbonate with the mineralization ability of strontium, while the final cost remains between the cost of CaCO3 and SrCO3. The novel Sr0.5Ca0.5CO3 nanoparticles might emerge as an alternative for the treatment of dental hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T03:57:44Z","timestamp":1668743864000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Strontium Carbonate and Strontium-Substituted Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Form Protective Deposits on Dentin Surface and Enhance Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Mineralization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6376-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiane Cristina","family":"Dotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larwsk","family":"Hayann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"de Padua Andrade Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Fabr\u00edcio B.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayara M.","family":"Arnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raisa","family":"Castelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Fl\u00e1via B.","family":"Cassiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Martelli-Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Pirassununga 13645-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9237-8972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Bottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ciancaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma B. C. E. B.","family":"Catirse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-8989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01223.x","article-title":"Dentine hypersensitivity\u2014Australian dentists\u2019 perspective","volume":"55","author":"Amarasena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.11.020","article-title":"Strontium effects on root dentin tubule occlusion and nanomechanical properties","volume":"32","author":"Saeki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12275","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of desensitizing agents in dentine tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.02.009","article-title":"Exploratory randomised controlled clinical study to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two occluding toothpastes\u2014A 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste and an 8% arginine\/calcium carbonate toothpaste\u2014for the longer-term relief of dentine hypersensitivity","volume":"60","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.12.014","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite in dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Alencar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.05.012","article-title":"Effect of desensitizing toothpastes on dentine hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.12.015","article-title":"Prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Zeola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.11.021","article-title":"Multi-component bioactive glasses of varying fluoride content for treating dentin hypersensitivity","volume":"28","author":"Lynch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"49","article-title":"A comparative clinical study investigating the efficacy of a test dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm sodium fluoride versus a marketed control dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophospha","volume":"21","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242012000500006","article-title":"Effect of desensitizing toothpastes on dentin","volume":"26","author":"Pinto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0454-6","article-title":"Enamel remineralization and repair results of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite toothpaste on deciduous teeth: An effective option to fluoride toothpaste","volume":"17","author":"Saccucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3405","article-title":"Immediate and Short-Term Effects of In-Office Desensitizing Treatments for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion","volume":"31","author":"Palazon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(13)70002-2","article-title":"Dentine sensitivity: Past, present and future","volume":"41","author":"Mantzourani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2011.00872.x","article-title":"Efficacy of desensitizing dentifrices to occlude dentinal tubules","volume":"119","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"e503","article-title":"Evaluation of ex vivo effectiveness of commercial desensitizing dentifrices","volume":"9","author":"Mockdeci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.03.008","article-title":"An in situ study investigating dentine tubule occlusion of dentifrices following acid challenge","volume":"40","author":"Olley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_53_17","article-title":"Effects of two desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal tubule occlusion with citric acid challenge: Confocal laser scanning microscopy study","volume":"28","author":"Rajguru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402010000500002","article-title":"Effect of an Acid Diet Allied to Sonic Toothbrushing on Root Dentin Permeability: An In Vitro Study","volume":"21","author":"Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.01.007","article-title":"Effect of desensitising toothpastes on dentinal tubule occlusion: A dentine permeability measurement and SEM in vitro study","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.03.012","article-title":"Calcium silicate coating derived from Portland cement as treatment for hypersensitive dentine","volume":"36","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2341\/08-56","article-title":"Deproteinization Effects of NaOCl on Acid-etched Dentin in Clinically-relevant vs Prolonged Periods of Application. A Confocal and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Study","volume":"34","author":"Sauro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"68","article-title":"A comparative in vitro study investigating the occlusion and mineralization properties of commercial dentifrices in a four-day dentin model","volume":"22","author":"Parkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"120","article-title":"Novel fluoride and strontium-containing bioactive glasses for dental varnishes-design and bioactivity in Tris buffer solution","volume":"503\u2013504","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.05.047","article-title":"Strontium-releasing fluorapatite glass-ceramic scaffolds: Structural characterization and in vivo performance","volume":"75","author":"Denry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.05.058","article-title":"A comparative study on the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of 58S bioactive glass substituted by Li and Sr","volume":"91","author":"Moghanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Fabrication and evaluation of carbonate apatite-coated calcium carbonate bone substitutes for bone tissue engineering","volume":"12","author":"Tsuru","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927613000391","article-title":"Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel by Toothpastes: A Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, and Three-Dimensional Stereo-Micrographic Study","volume":"19","author":"Gjorgievska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"145","article-title":"The original desensitizers: Strontium and potassium salts","volume":"20","author":"Markowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120697","article-title":"A 3-Day Randomized Clinical Trial to Investigate the Desensitizing Properties of Three Dentifrices","volume":"84","author":"Orsini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.11.007","article-title":"A 3-day randomised clinical study investigating the efficacy of two toothpastes, designed to occlude dentine tubules, for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity","volume":"41","author":"West","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.11.022","article-title":"Effect of tetracalcium phosphate\/monetite toothpaste on dentin remineralization and tubule occlusion in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Medvecky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"37","article-title":"Investigation of dentinal tubule occlusion using FIB-SEM milling and EDX","volume":"21","author":"Earl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2017.13","article-title":"Evaluation of the osseointegration of dental implants coated with calcium carbonate: An animal study","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2016.10.013","article-title":"Radiation-induced defects in strontium carbonate rod for EPR dosimetry applications","volume":"131","author":"Rushdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2015.07.013","article-title":"Strontium carbonate nanoparticles for the surface treatment of problematic sulfur and iron in waterlogged archaeological wood","volume":"18","author":"Schofield","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2016.11.048","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of silk fibroin\/strontium carbonate film through rapid formation","volume":"189","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103619","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy of an aluminium lactate\/potassium nitrate\/hydroxylapatite toothpaste with a control toothpaste for the prevention of dentine hypersensitivity","volume":"108","author":"Seong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.04.037","article-title":"Strontium (Sr) elicits odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs): A therapeutic role for Sr in dentine repair?","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00459H","article-title":"Strontium folate loaded biohybrid scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells induce in vivo bone regeneration in critical sized defects","volume":"4","author":"Alvarado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Tinco, R., Sergi, R., Bertani, G., Pisciotta, A., Bellucci, D., Carnevale, G., Cannillo, V., and Bertoni, L. (2020). Effects of a Novel Bioactive Glass Composition on Biological Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13184049"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2002.00824.x","article-title":"The effects of a novel Bioglass\u00ae dentifrice on dentine sensitivity: A scanning electron microscopy investigation","volume":"29","author":"Gillam","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1999.00433.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the development of dental erosion in vitro: Enamel type, temperature and exposure time","volume":"26","author":"Amaechi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.03.033","article-title":"Improved reactive nanoparticles to treat dentin hypersensitivity","volume":"72","author":"Osorio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154760","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic effects of citrus cystatin CsinCPI-2","volume":"123","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2018.08.002","article-title":"Effect of sodium chloride on gene expression of Streptococcus mutans and zeta potential of demineralized dentin","volume":"9","author":"Torshabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofacial Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9672-8","article-title":"The Role of Phosphatases in the Initiation of Skeletal Mineralization","volume":"93","year":"2013","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-005-5435-6","article-title":"Alkaline Phosphatases: Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes","volume":"2","year":"2006","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB02045K","article-title":"Synthesis of Sr\u2013morin complex and its in vitro response: Decrease in osteoclast differentiation while sustaining osteoblast mineralization ability","volume":"7","author":"Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dentin hypersensitivity: From diagnosis to a breakthrough therapy for everyday sensitivity relief","volume":"20","author":"Cummins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"3","article-title":"Recent advances in dentin hypersensitivity: Clinically proven treatments for instant and lasting sensitivity relief","volume":"23","author":"Cummins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"136","article-title":"Dentin Hypersensitivity: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment; A Literature Review","volume":"14","author":"Davari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.05.036","article-title":"Formation of stable strontium-rich amorphous calcium phosphate: Possible effects on bone mineral","volume":"92","author":"Tovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.02.023","article-title":"Lipid-mediated growth of SrCO3\/CaCO3 hybrid films as bioactive coatings for Ti surfaces","volume":"99","author":"Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43422","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c12434","article-title":"Strontium Calcium Phosphate Nanotubes as Bioinspired Building Blocks for Bone Regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Tovani","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.08.034","article-title":"Interaction between Escherichia coli and TiO2 nanoparticles in natural and artificial waters","volume":"102","author":"Planchon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670120801","article-title":"Effect of Zeta Potential and Surface Energy on Bacterial Adhesion to Uncoated and Saliva-coated Human Enamel and Dentin","volume":"67","author":"Weerkamp","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2009.11.008","article-title":"Better safe than sorry: Understanding the toxicological properties of inorganic nanoparticles manufactured for biomedical applications","volume":"62","author":"Fadeel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112622","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded carrageenan nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and assessment of the effects on osteoblasts mineralization","volume":"217","author":"Nogueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.08.043","article-title":"Dual effect of strontium ranelate: Stimulation of osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of osteoclast formation and resorption in vitro","volume":"42","author":"Bonnelye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2017.11.005","article-title":"Matrix vesicles from chondrocytes and osteoblasts: Their biogenesis, properties, functions and biomimetic models. Biochim. et Biophys","volume":"1862","author":"Bottini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2019.01.006","article-title":"Stem and progenitor cells in skeletal development","volume":"133","author":"Ono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.07.012","article-title":"Strontium eluting nanofibers augment stem cell osteogenesis for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"146","author":"Meka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0427","article-title":"Human Osteoblast\u2013Derived Factors Induce Early Osteogenic Markers in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"15","author":"Ilmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.03.029","article-title":"Formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite films on metallic surfaces using dihexadecyl phosphate\u2013LB film as template","volume":"118","author":"Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2008.05.032","article-title":"Assessment of dentifrice adulteration with diethylene glycol by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics","volume":"620","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107597","article-title":"Insights into dental mineralization from three heritable mineralization disorders","volume":"212","author":"Chavez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.204","article-title":"Biomimetic collagen\/phospholipid coatings improve formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on titanium","volume":"77","author":"Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00017","article-title":"Sr2+-Substituted CaCO3 Nanorods: Impact on the Structure and Bioactivity","volume":"18","author":"Tovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"337","article-title":"Synthesis and structural characterization of strontium substituted hydrozyapatites","volume":"61","author":"Frangopol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Roum. Chim."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018570213546","article-title":"Characterization of hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite by photo acoustic FTIR spectroscopy","volume":"8","author":"Rehman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2219(03)00304-2","article-title":"Carbonated hydroxyapatite as bone substitute","volume":"23","author":"Landi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Eur. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.02.027","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite surface solubility and effect on cell adhesion","volume":"78","author":"Bertazzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.04.039","article-title":"Calcium carbonate: Adored and ignored in bioactivity assessment","volume":"91","author":"Mozafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.01.001","article-title":"Strontium ion can significantly decrease enamel demineralization and prevent the enamel surface hardness loss in acidic environment","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.08.031","article-title":"Effects of strontium in modified biomaterials","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.01.002","article-title":"Carbonate substitution significantly affects the structure and mechanics of carbonated apatites","volume":"122","author":"Wingender","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/13\/4\/250\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:24Z","timestamp":1760145624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/13\/4\/250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb13040250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb13040250","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]}}}