{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:02:32Z","timestamp":1788300152689,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It has been shown in rabbit models that the sinus mucosa in contact with graft particles might experience a progressive thinning and perforations. The phenomenon depends on the graft used. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare the damaging effects of a synthetic of a xenogeneic graft. Methods: Forty New Zealand rabbits received a bilateral sinus elevation. Both sinuses of twenty rabbits were grafted with a biphasic 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate while the other twenty received a deproteinized bovine bone mineral graft. Thinned sites (&lt;40 \u00b5m) and perforations on the mucosa in contact with graft particles were evaluated after 2 and 10 weeks (ten animals each period). The width of the pseudostratified epithelium was also measured as control. Results: After 2 weeks of healing, 61 thinned sites were detected in the Synthetic group and 49 in the Xenogeneic group. After 10 weeks, the number of thinned mucosae increased to 79 sites in the Synthetic group (p = 0.222 between periods), and to 114 sites in the Xenogeneic group (p = 0.030 between groups; p = 0.001 between periods). Perforations were few in the 2-week period, two in two sinuses out of 20 in the Synthetic group, and four in two sinuses out of 20 in the Xenogeneic group (p = 0.721). In the 10-week period, the perforations increased to eight in the Synthetic group, distributed in six sinuses out of 20, and to sixteen in the Xenogeneic group, distributed in 11 sinuses out of 20 (p = 0.082). The pseudostratified epithelium presented a reduced width at the thinned sites. Conclusions: The contact with synthetic or xenogeneic grafts will induce thinning and possible perforations of the sinus mucosa. This effect will increase over time, and it is stronger at the xenogeneic than the synthetic graft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T03:11:21Z","timestamp":1669000281000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sinus Mucosal Damage Triggered by Synthetic or Xenogeneic Bone Substitutes: A Histological Analysis in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Omori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Osaka 573-1121, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Botticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy, Viale Giovanni Pascoli 67, 47923 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Migani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy, Viale Giovanni Pascoli 67, 47923 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Ferreira Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Pires Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9-Subsetor Oeste-11 (N-11), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01272.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation","volume":"35","author":"Pjetursson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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