{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:40:40Z","timestamp":1783179640965,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZR1415700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1415700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31771022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21ZR1415700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1415700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periprosthetic infection is one of the trickiest clinical problems, which often leads to disastrous consequences. The emergence of tantalum and its derivatives provides novel ideas and effective methods to solve this problem and has attracted great attention. However, tantalum was reported to have different anti-infective effects in vivo and in vitro, and the inherent antibacterial capability of tantalum is still controversial, which may restrict its development as an antibacterial material to some extent. In this study, the polished tantalum was selected as the experimental object, the implant-related tibia osteomyelitis model was first established to observe whether it has an anti-infective effect in vivo compared to titanium, and the early studies found that the tantalum had a lower infectious state in the implant-related tibia osteomyelitis model in vivo than titanium. However, further in vitro studies found that the polished tantalum was not superior to the titanium against bacterial adhesion and antibacterial efficacy. In addition, we focus on the state of interaction between cells, bacteria and materials to restore the internal environment as realistically as possible. We found that the adhesion of fibroblasts to tantalum was faster and better than that of titanium. Moreover, what is more, interesting is that, in the early period, bacteria were more likely to adhere to cells that had already attached to the surface of tantalum than to the bare surface of it, and over time, the cells eventually fell off the biomaterials and took away more bacteria in tantalum, making it possible for tantalum to reduce the probability of infection in the body through this mechanism. Moreover, these results also explained the phenomenon of the \u201crace for the surface\u201d from a completely different perspective. This study provides a new idea for further exploring the relationship between bacteria and host tissue cells on the implant surface and a meaningful clue for optimizing the preparation of antibacterial implants in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13040264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:27:29Z","timestamp":1669105649000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Why Is Tantalum Less Susceptible to Bacterial Infection?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth People\u2019s Hospital, Jiang Su University, Shanghai 200235, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Xuhui Branch of Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5209-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interfacial Electrochemistry and Biomaterials, Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.08.043","article-title":"Critical factors in the translation of improved antimicrobial strategies for medical implants and devices","volume":"34","author":"Grainger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000235161.85925.e8","article-title":"Infections associated with orthopedic implants","volume":"19","author":"Trampuz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3584","article-title":"Real-time in vivo imaging of invasive- and biomaterial-associated bacterial infections using fluorescently labelled vancomycin","volume":"4","author":"Gazendam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0288-0","article-title":"The global preclinical antibacterial pipeline","volume":"18","author":"Theuretzbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12887","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717160115","article-title":"Technologies to address antimicrobial resistance","volume":"115","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazarov, D., Ezhov, I., Yudintceva, N., Shevtsov, M., Rudakova, A., Kalganov, V., Tolmachev, V., Zharova, Y., Lutakov, O., and Kraeva, L. (2022). Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Ag Nanoparticles and Ag\/TiO(2) Nanostructures Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13020062"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Li, X., Xiao, D., Zhao, Q., Chen, S., Yang, F., Liu, J., and Duan, K. (2022). Cu(2+) Release from Polylactic Acid Coating on Titanium Reduces Bone Implant-Related Infection. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13020078"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-019-0357-y","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Flower-Shaped CuO Nanostructures and Their Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities","volume":"12","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121663","article-title":"High-strength biodegradable zinc alloy implants with antibacterial and osteogenic properties for the treatment of MRSA-induced rat osteomyelitis","volume":"287","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.051","article-title":"Antibacterial and immunogenic behavior of silver coatings on additively manufactured porous titanium","volume":"81","author":"Croes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S292482","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles Attenuate the Antimicrobial Activity of the Innate Immune System by Inhibiting Neutrophil-Mediated Phagocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200600200","article-title":"Dissolving Behavior and Stability of ZnO Wires in Biofluids: A Study on Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of ZnO Nanostructures","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100123","article-title":"Copper-Based Nanostructured Coatings on Natural Cellulose: Nanocomposites Exhibiting Rapid and Efficient Inhibition of a Multi-Drug Resistant Wound Pathogen, A. baumannii, and Mammalian Cell Biocompatibility In Vitro","volume":"21","author":"Cady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100619","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100619","article-title":"The Action-Networks of Nanosilver: Bridging the Gap between Material and Biology","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Health Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celesti, C., Gervasi, T., Cicero, N., Giofr\u00e8, S.V., Espro, C., Piperopoulos, E., Gabriele, B., Mancuso, R., Lo Vecchio, G., and Iannazzo, D. (2022). Titanium Surface Modification for Implantable Medical Devices with Anti-Bacterial Adhesion Properties. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15093283"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2021.130875","article-title":"Design of a new Ti-Mo-Cu alloy with excellent mechanical and antibacterial properties as implant materials","volume":"306","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104926","article-title":"Study on mechanical behavior of Cu-bearing antibacterial titanium alloy implant","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025008","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa5d74","article-title":"Multiscale porous titanium surfaces via a two-step etching process for improved mechanical and biological performance","volume":"12","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.02.059","article-title":"Effect of HF\/HNO3-treatment on the porous structure and cell penetrability of titanium (Ti) scaffold","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201100001","article-title":"Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MH02009A","article-title":"The antimicrobial effect of calcium-doped titanium is activated by fibrinogen adsorption","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, H., Qiao, S., Qin, H., and Jandt, K.D. (2022). Antibacterial Designs for Implantable Medical Devices: Evolutions and Challenges. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13030086"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.04.270","article-title":"Antibacterial and bioactive properties of stabilized silver on titanium with a nanostructured surface for dental applications","volume":"451","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2020.0134","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Tantalum Implants for Repairing Bone Defects: A Systematic Review","volume":"27","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.112055","article-title":"Tantalum and its derivatives in orthopedic and dental implants: Osteogenesis and antibacterial properties","volume":"208","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Construction of tantalum\/poly(ether imide) coatings on magnesium implants with both corrosion protection and osseointegration properties","volume":"6","author":"Cheon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10492","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b21363","article-title":"Enhanced Osseointegration Ability of Poly(lactic acid) via Tantalum Sputtering-Based Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"239","article-title":"Accelerated biodegradation of iron-based implants via tantalum-implanted surface nanostructures","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, G., Pan, S.T., and Qiu, J.X. (2021). The Clinical Application of Porous Tantalum and Its New Development for Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202104.0348.v1"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1021\/am300727v","article-title":"Study on the anticorrosion, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity of tantalum decorated with tantalum oxide nanotube array films","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.04.005","article-title":"A review of the application of anodization for the fabrication of nanotubes on metal implant surfaces","volume":"8","author":"Minagar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B6.37183","article-title":"Porous tantalum uncemented acetabular components in revision total hip arthroplasty: A minimum ten-year clinical, radiological and quality of life outcome study","volume":"98-b","author":"Konan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00415","article-title":"Enhanced gap filling and osteoconduction associated with alendronate-calcium phosphate-coated porous tantalum","volume":"90","author":"Garbuz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3028","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of metals: Mechanisms, molecular targets and applications","volume":"11","author":"Lemire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200608000-00005","article-title":"Bacterial adherence to tantalum versus commonly used orthopedic metallic implant materials","volume":"20","author":"Schildhauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"616","article-title":"Biofilm on dental implants: A review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Subramani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B9.BJJ-2016-1309.R1","article-title":"Does tantalum exhibit any intrinsic antimicrobial or antibiofilm properties?","volume":"99-b","author":"Harrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34174","article-title":"Successful bony integration of a porous tantalum implant despite longlasting and ongoing infection: Histologic workup of an explanted shoulder prosthesis","volume":"106","author":"Wahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1159\/000495280","article-title":"Intrinsic Surface Effects of Tantalum and Titanium on Integrin \u03b15\u03b21\/ ERK1\/2 Pathway-Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation in Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10785","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b01310","article-title":"Antimicrobial and osteogenic properties of silver-ion-implanted stainless steel","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00050-4","article-title":"Gentamicin coating of metallic implants reduces implant-related osteomyelitis in rats","volume":"32","author":"Lucke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2005.01.009","article-title":"Characterization of a chronic infection in an internally-stabilized segmental defect in the rat femur","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.07.040","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm effects of silver nanoparticles immobilized on titanium","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.09.084","article-title":"The use of quaternised chitosan-loaded PMMA to inhibit biofilm formation and downregulate the virulence-associated gene expression of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus","volume":"33","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.01.001","article-title":"Selective responses of human gingival fibroblasts and bacteria on carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone with multilevel nanostructured TiO2","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimabukuro, M., Hiji, A., Manaka, T., Nozaki, K., Chen, P., Ashida, M., Tsutsumi, Y., Nagai, A., and Hanawa, T. (2020). Time-Transient Effects of Silver and Copper in the Porous Titanium Dioxide Layer on Antibacterial Properties. J. Funct. Biomater., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb11020044"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidakis, N., Petousis, M., Mountakis, N., Korlos, A., Papadakis, V., and Moutsopoulou, A. (2022). Trilateral Multi-Functional Polyamide 12 Nanocomposites with Binary Inclusions for Medical Grade Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Effect of Titanium Nitride in Mechanical Reinforcement and Copper\/Cuprous Oxide as Antibacterial Agents. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13030115"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Lee, H., Jang, T.-S., Kim, D., Yoon, C.-B., Han, G., Kim, H.-E., and Jung, H.-D. (2021). Characterization of Titanium Surface Modification Strategies for Osseointegration Enhancement. Metals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/met11040618"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2012.06.004","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles","volume":"30","author":"Hajipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.07.089","article-title":"A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Campoccia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824593","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3824593","article-title":"Investigation of Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses of Tantalum Nanoparticles in THP-1-Derived Macrophages","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"928","article-title":"Implantable PEKK\/tantalum microparticles composite with improved surface performances for regulating cell behaviors, promoting bone formation and osseointegration","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111112","article-title":"Tantalum-coated polylactic acid fibrous membranes for guided bone regeneration","volume":"115","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(98)00207-5","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of proteins: Key of the relationship between substratum surface properties and adhesion of epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Dewez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35746","article-title":"Bioactive vapor deposited calcium-phosphate silica sol-gel particles for directing osteoblast behavior","volume":"104","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.10.011","article-title":"Competitive time- and density-dependent adhesion of staphylococci and osteoblasts on crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer coatings in co-culture flow chambers","volume":"32","author":"Busscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35953","article-title":"Bacterial and mammalian cells adhesion to tantalum-decorated micro-\/nano-structured titanium","volume":"105","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178123","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/178123","article-title":"Substituted hydroxyapatites with antibacterial properties","volume":"2014","author":"Kolmas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2014.03.061","article-title":"Antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of tantalum oxide coatings","volume":"259","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristea, D., Cunha, L., Gabor, C., Ghiuta, I., Croitoru, C., Marin, A., Velicu, L., Besleaga, A., and Vasile, B. (2019). Tantalum Oxynitride Thin Films: Assessment of the Photocatalytic Efficiency and Antimicrobial Capacity. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9030476"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8693","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S218640","article-title":"Ta-Coated Titanium Surface With Superior Bacteriostasis And Osseointegration","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1090-5","article-title":"Do tantalum and titanium cups show similar results in revision hip arthroplasty?","volume":"468","author":"Jafari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B1.34236","article-title":"Is tantalum protective against infection in revision total hip arthroplasty?","volume":"97-b","author":"Tokarski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32413","article-title":"Evaluating antimicrobials and implant materials for infection prevention around transcutaneous osseointegrated implants in a rabbit model","volume":"92","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517731768","article-title":"The Impact of Incorporating Antimicrobials into Implant Surfaces","volume":"97","author":"Hickok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078","article-title":"Immune responses to implants\u2014A review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials","volume":"32","author":"Franz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12480","article-title":"Persistence of antibiotic resistance plasmids in bacterial biofilms","volume":"10","author":"Ridenhour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2295","article-title":"Bacterial manipulation of innate immunity to promote infection","volume":"8","author":"Diacovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629258","article-title":"Biomaterial-centered infection: Microbial adhesion versus tissue integration","volume":"237","author":"Gristina","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.12.011","article-title":"Microbial biofilm growth vs. tissue integration: \u201cThe race for the surface\u201d experimentally studied","volume":"5","author":"Subbiahdoss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22025","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b06415","article-title":"\u201cRace for the Surface\u201d: Eukaryotic Cells Can Win","volume":"8","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35863","article-title":"Competitive colonization of prosthetic surfaces by staphylococcus aureus and human cells","volume":"105","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153rv110","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004528","article-title":"Biomaterial-associated infection: Locating the finish line in the race for the surface","volume":"4","author":"Busscher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4161\/biom.22905","article-title":"Infection of orthopedic implants with emphasis on bacterial adhesion process and techniques used in studying bacterial-material interactions","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomatter"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31850","article-title":"Activation of human leukocytes on tantalum trabecular metal in comparison to commonly used orthopedic metal implant materials","volume":"88","author":"Schildhauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.027","article-title":"Advanced antibacterial activity of biocompatible tantalum nanofilm via enhanced local innate immunity","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/13\/4\/264\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:24:14Z","timestamp":1760145854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/13\/4\/264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb13040264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb13040264","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]}}}