{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:15:36Z","timestamp":1785885336965,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean government","award":["NRF-2022R1C1C2003849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1C1C2003849"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01060699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01060699"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2022R1C1C2003849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1C1C2003849"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01060699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A1A01060699"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitinol (NiTi), an alloy of nickel and titanium, wires are an important biomedical material that has been used in catheter tubes, guidewires, stents, and other surgical instruments. As such wires are temporarily or permanently inserted inside the human body, their surfaces need to be smoothed and cleaned in order to prevent wear, friction, and adhesion of bacteria. In this study, NiTi wire samples of micro-scale diameters (i.e., \u00d8 200 \u03bcm and \u00d8 400 \u03bcm) were polished by an advanced magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process using a nanoscale polishing method. Furthermore, bacterial adhesion (i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) to the initial and final surfaces of NiTi wires were investigated and compared in order to assess the impact of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion to the surfaces of NiTi wires. The finding revealed that the surfaces of NiTi wires were clean and smooth with a lack of particle impurities and toxic components on the final surface polished using the advanced MAF process. The surface roughness Ra values of the \u00d8 200 \u03bcm and \u00d8 400 \u03bcm NiTi wires were smoothly enhanced to 20 nm and 30 nm from the 140 nm and 280 nm initial surface roughness values. Importantly, polishing the surfaces of a biomedical material such as NiTi wire to nano-level roughness can significantly reduce bacterial adhesion on the surface by more than 83.48% in the case of S. aureus, while in the case of E. coli was more than 70.67%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14040177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T02:34:54Z","timestamp":1679625294000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Nanoscale Polishing Technique of Biomedical Grade NiTi Wire by Advanced MAF Process: Relationship between Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Se Rim","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il Won","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-656, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2915-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lida","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11106-018-9933-9","article-title":"Post-processing of NiTi alloys: Issues and challenges","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Metall. 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