{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:59:00Z","timestamp":1790053140392,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs with the application of a controlled mechanical force and results in coordinated tissue resorption and formation in the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament. The turnover processes of the periodontal and bone tissue are associated with specific signaling factors, such as Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-\u03b2 Ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), etc., which can be regulated by different biomaterials, promoting or inhibiting bone remodeling during OTM. Different bone substitutes or bone regeneration materials have also been applied to repair alveolar bone defects followed by orthodontic treatment. Those bioengineered bone graft materials also change the local environment that may or may not affect OTM. This article aims to review functional biomaterials that were applied locally to accelerate OTM for a shorter duration of orthodontic treatment or impede OTM for retention purposes, as well as various alveolar bone graft materials which may affect OTM. This review article summarizes various types of biomaterials that can be locally applied to affect the process of OTM, along with their potential mechanisms of action and side effects. The functionalization of biomaterials can improve the solubility or intake of biomolecules, leading to better outcomes in terms of increasing or decreasing the speed of OTM. The ideal timing for initiating OTM is generally considered to be 8 weeks post-grafting. However, more evidence is needed from human studies to fully understand the effects of these biomaterials, including any potential adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14060294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Functional Biomaterials for Local Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2875-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moyu Lara","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Harb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dentistry, Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7404-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Xiaolu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon D.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2011.01.003","article-title":"Adverse effects of orthodontic treatment: A clinical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Talic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.020","article-title":"How long does treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances last? A systematic review","volume":"149","author":"Tsichlaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.6.123-133.sar","article-title":"New therapeutic modalities to modulate orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"19","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2012.42.3.118","article-title":"Histopathologic investigation of the effects of prostaglandin E2 administered by different methods on tooth movement and bone metabolism","volume":"42","author":"Erdem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"129","article-title":"Effect of akebiasaponin D with different concentrations on orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"27","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue Shanghai J. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70035-8","article-title":"The effects of exogenous prostaglandins on orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"108","author":"Leiker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.2.199","article-title":"The effect of prostaglandin E2 and calcium gluconate on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats","volume":"25","author":"Seifi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"35","article-title":"The Effect of Thyroid Hormone, Prostaglandin E2, and Calcium Gluconate on Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats","volume":"16","author":"Seifi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Shiraz Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12544","article-title":"Local hormones and growth factors to enhance orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review of animal studies","volume":"25","author":"Parcianello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2008)078[0604:EGFILM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor in Liposomes May Enhance Osteoclast Recruitment during Tooth Movement in Rats","volume":"78","author":"Saddi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz027","article-title":"Injectable RANKL sustained release formulations to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"42","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.09.010","article-title":"Local delivery of EGF\u2013liposome mediated bone modeling in orthodontic tooth movement by increasing RANKL expression","volume":"85","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"230","article-title":"Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"15","author":"Seifi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811251","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.811251","article-title":"Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Nitric Oxide Releasing Nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley Rats","volume":"9","author":"Crawford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy017","article-title":"Microsphere controlled drug delivery for local control of tooth movement","volume":"41","author":"Sydorak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.07.025","article-title":"Simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can enhance its inhibition of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"162","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200906","article-title":"Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors on Bone Resorption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"82","author":"Holliday","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.04.194","article-title":"Local delivery of osteoprotegerin inhibits mechanically mediated bone modeling in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"41","author":"Dunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9579-4","article-title":"Local Delivery of Recombinant Osteoprotegerin Enhances Postorthodontic Tooth Stability","volume":"90","author":"Hudson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12086","article-title":"Locally limited inhibition of bone resorption and orthodontic relapse by recombinant osteoprotegerin protein","volume":"18","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5001","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in orthodontic tooth movement (Review)","volume":"48","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12224","article-title":"Enhancement of post-orthodontic tooth stability by carbonated hydroxyapatite-incorporated advanced platelet-rich fibrin in rabbits","volume":"21","author":"Alhasyimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e922372","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.922372","article-title":"Asperosaponin VI Injection Enhances Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S217936","article-title":"Effects of Triptolide on Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.104642","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on orthodontic tooth movement and associated root resorption in rats","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S379468","article-title":"Sinomenine Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.07.027","article-title":"Effect of local administration of simvastatin on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits","volume":"156","author":"AlSwafeeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.01.021","article-title":"Biocompatible reduced graphene oxide stimulated BMSCs induce acceleration of bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement through promotion on osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"81","article-title":"The application of bone graft substitutes for alveolar ridge preservation after orthodontic extractions and for augmentation of residual cleft defects","volume":"65","author":"Proff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Morphol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93033-x","article-title":"Evaluation of different grafting materials for alveolar cleft repair in the context of orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"11","author":"Kniha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509338914","article-title":"On a Path to Unfolding the Biological Mechanisms of Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"88","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1100\/2011\/761768","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Changes in Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"11","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840701814105","article-title":"Influence of cortical canal architecture on lacunocanalicular pore pressure and fluid flow","volume":"11","author":"Goulet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.5.907","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Bax and Bcl-2 in osteocytes after bone fatigue: Complementary roles in bone remodeling regulation?","volume":"17","author":"Verborgt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. Off. J. Am. Soc. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.018","article-title":"Osteocytes as dynamic multifunctional cells","volume":"1116","author":"Bonewald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9641-0","article-title":"The role of extracellular matrix, integrins, and cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction of centrifugal loading","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.05.005","article-title":"Cell adhesion receptors in mechanotransduction","volume":"20","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200815","article-title":"Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 genes in the periodontal ligament during tooth movement in rats","volume":"82","author":"Takahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"469.e1","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Orthod. Its Const. Soc. Am. Board. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2018.01.007","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement: The biology and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2319\/031512-224.1","article-title":"Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"83","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001950206","article-title":"Localization of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in mandibular molars of the rat prior to and during prefunctional tooth eruption","volume":"195","author":"Wise","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.12.006","article-title":"RANKL release from self-assembling nanofiber hydrogels for inducing osteoclastogenesis in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2126","article-title":"The effect of crude extract from Radix Dipsaci on bone in mice","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b01264","article-title":"Synergistic Osteogenesis of Biocompatible Reduced Graphene Oxide with Methyl Vanillate in BMSCs","volume":"5","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0255","article-title":"Paradoxical Decrease of an Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Obesity","volume":"257","author":"Arita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01467.x","article-title":"Adiponectin regulates functions of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells","volume":"47","author":"Iwayama","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.06.008","article-title":"Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone-forming cells","volume":"35","author":"Berner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.03.051","article-title":"Adiponectin receptor 1 regulates bone formation and osteoblast differentiation by GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling in mice","volume":"64","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.210","article-title":"Adiponectin increases bone mass by suppressing osteoclast and activating osteoblast","volume":"331","author":"Oshima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.144","article-title":"Adiponectin Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation Through Induction of COX2 in Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0216-z","article-title":"Adiponectin exerts its negative effect on bone metabolism via OPG\/RANKL pathway: An in vivo study","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1639","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Adiponectin on Bone","volume":"150","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.08.009","article-title":"Adiponectin prevents orthodontic tooth movement in rats","volume":"83","author":"Haugen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2009.01444.x","article-title":"RANK\/RANKL\/OPG during orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"12","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases: Regulation and function","volume":"33","author":"Sessa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"83","article-title":"Duration of orthodontic force affecting initial response of nitric oxide synthase in rat periodontal ligaments","volume":"51","author":"Yoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2013-192","article-title":"Fabrication of carbonate apatite blocks from set gypsum based on dissolutionprecipitation reaction in phosphate-carbonate mixed solution","volume":"33","author":"Nomura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2011.09.017","article-title":"Human blood-derived fibrin releasates: Composition and use for the culture of cell lines and human primary cells","volume":"40","author":"Burnouf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00104","article-title":"A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S191267","article-title":"Effects of triptolide and methotrexate nanosuspensions on left ventricular remodeling in autoimmune myocarditis rats","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, D., Guo, Q., Shen, J., Zheng, K., Lu, C., Zhang, G., Lu, A., and He, X. (2018). The Effect of Triptolide in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Basic Research towards Clinical Translation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020376"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2014.919253","article-title":"Resveratrol: Review on therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Pangeni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13492","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in the cardiovascular system","volume":"174","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, A.L.d.B., Monteiro, V.V.S., Navegantes-Lima, K.C., Reis, J.F., Gomes, R.D.S., Rodrigues, D.V.S., Gaspar, S.L.d.F., and Monteiro, M.C. (2017). Resveratrol Role in Autoimmune Disease\u2014A Mini-Review. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121306"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2018.10.002","article-title":"Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"215","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749113","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.749113","article-title":"Sinomenine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Effects and Pharmacological Evidences","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S282684","article-title":"Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Investigate the Molecular Targets of Sinomenine for Treating Breast Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.084","article-title":"Influence of sinomenine upon mesenchymal stem cells in osteoclastogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuana, Y., Balachandran, B., van der Wurff-Jacobs, K.M.G., Schiffelers, R.M., and Moonen, C.T. (2020). Potential Use of Extracellular Vesicles Generated by Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound as Drug Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21083024"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2020.0212","article-title":"Bone Graft Materials for Alveolar Bone Defects in Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"28","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.280111.x","article-title":"Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-OssR. An experimental study in dogs","volume":"28","author":"Araujo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200202000-00009","article-title":"Properties of Osteoconductive Biomaterials: Calcium Phosphates","volume":"395","author":"LeGeros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"80","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement into jaw regions treated with synthetic bone substitute","volume":"56","author":"Gedrange","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-010-0006-z","article-title":"Pilot study on orthodontic space closure after guided bone regeneration","volume":"72","author":"Reichert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop. Fortschr. Kieferorthop\u00e4die"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"514","article-title":"Effect of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Socket Preservation on Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption","volume":"16","author":"Seifi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"483","article-title":"Biodegradable ceramic as a bone graft substitute followed by orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"48","author":"Hossain","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nihon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi J. Jpn. Orthod. Soc."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(91)90307-8","article-title":"Effect of a resorbable bone graft material on orthodontic tooth movement through surgical defects in the cat mandible","volume":"49","author":"Sheats","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1996_033_0277_broaba_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Biologic Responses of Autogenous Bone and Beta-tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Transplanted into Bone Defects to Orthodontic Forces","volume":"33","author":"Hossain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"231","article-title":"Study of the timing of tooth movement after repair of alveolar bone defects by rabbit BMSCs combined with beta-TCP","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue Shanghai J. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0490","article-title":"Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Alveolar Cleft Repaired with a Tissue Engineering Bone: An Experimental Study in Dogs","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.027","article-title":"BoneCeramic graft regenerates alveolar defects but slows orthodontic tooth movement with less root resorption","volume":"149","author":"Ru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"17","article-title":"Regenerative therapy of osseous defects combined with orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"14","author":"Attia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1597\/12-232","article-title":"Experimental Tooth Movement into New Bone Area Regenerated by Use of Bone Marrow\u2013Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"52","author":"Tanimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac. J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04537-3","article-title":"Development of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement after cleft repair using different grafting materials in rats","volume":"26","author":"Kniha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2319\/062017-407","article-title":"Effects of bone regeneration materials and tooth movement timing on canine experimental orthodontic treatment","volume":"88","author":"Machibya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00517","article-title":"BMP2-Functionalized Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Graft Promotes Alveolar Defect Healing During Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Beagle Dogs","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of bioactive glass filling defective alveolar bone on tooth movement","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/6\/294\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:41:59Z","timestamp":1760125319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/6\/294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb14060294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb14060294","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}