{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:16:39Z","timestamp":1770833799817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/K034510\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K034510\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implantable electrochemical sensors that enable the real-time detection of significant biomarkers offer huge potential for the enhancement and personalisation of therapies; however, biofouling is a key challenge encountered by any implantable system. This is particularly an issue immediately after implantation, when the foreign body response and associated biofouling processes are at their most active in passivating a foreign object. Here, we present the development of a sensor protection and activation strategy against biofouling, based on coatings consisting of a pH-triggered, dissolvable polymer, that covered a functionalised electrode surface. We demonstrate that reproducible delayed sensor activation can be achieved, and that the length of this delay can be controlled by the optimisation of coating thickness, homogeneity and density through tuning of the coating method and temperature. Comparative evaluation of the polymer-coated and uncoated probe-modified electrodes in biological media revealed significant improvements in their anti-biofouling characteristics, demonstrating that this offers a promising approach to the design of enhanced sensing devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14060329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["pH-Activated Dissolvable Polymeric Coatings to Reduce Biofouling on Electrochemical Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"U\u00e7ar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK"},{"name":"Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Staderini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan F.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201200349","article-title":"Wearable Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review","volume":"25","author":"Windmiller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.08.077","article-title":"Wearable Non-Invasive Epidermal Glucose Sensors: A Review","volume":"177","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.1.1.153","article-title":"Implanted Electrochemical Glucose Sensors for the Management of Diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Heller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. 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