{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:19:21Z","timestamp":1792019961701,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Maryland Dental School","award":["bridge fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["bridge fund"]}]},{"name":"University of Maryland Baltimore","award":["seed grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["seed grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Current dental resins exhibit polymerization shrinkage causing microleakage, which has the potential to cause recurrent caries. Our objectives were to create and characterize low-shrinkage-stress (LSS) composites with dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) as an antibacterial agent to combat recurrent caries. Methods: Triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and urethane dimethacrylate were used to reduce shrinkage stress. DMADDM was incorporated at different mass fractions (0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 5%). Flexural strength, elastic modulus, degree of conversion, polymerization stress, and antimicrobial activity were assessed. Results: The composite with 5% DMADDM demonstrated higher flexural strength than the commercial group (p &lt; 0.05). The addition of DMADDM in BisGMA-TEGDMA resin and LSS resin achieved clinically acceptable degrees of conversion. However, LSS composites exhibited much lower polymerization shrinkage stress than BisGMA-TEGDMA composite groups (p &lt; 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% DMADDM showed a 6-log reduction in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm CFUs compared to commercial control (p &lt; 0.001). Biofilm biomass and lactic acid were also substantially decreased via DMADDM (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The novel LSS dental composite containing 3% DMADDM demonstrated potent antibacterial action against S. mutans biofilms and much lower polymerization shrinkage-stress, while maintaining excellent mechanical characteristics. The new composite is promising for dental applications to prevent secondary caries and increase restoration longevity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14070335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T03:14:56Z","timestamp":1687749296000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Novel Dental Low-Shrinkage-Stress Composite with Antibacterial Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate Monomer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alsahafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-9303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, LLC., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Mitwalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Filemban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hockin H. K.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518822808","article-title":"The Evolution of Dental Materials over the Past Century: Silver and Gold to Tooth Color and Beyond","volume":"98","author":"Bayne","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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