{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:05:52Z","timestamp":1791691552666,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural polymers are increasingly being used in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix and to act as a scaffold for cell growth, as well as their possible combination with other osteogenic factors, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental pulp, in an attempt to enhance bone regeneration during the healing of a bone defect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the repair of mandibular defects filled with a new collagen\/chitosan scaffold, seeded or not with MSCs derived from dental pulp. Twenty-eight rats were submitted to surgery for creation of a defect in the right mandibular ramus and divided into the following groups: G1 (control group; mandibular defect with clot); G2 (defect filled with dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells\u2014DPSCs); G3 (defect filled with collagen\/chitosan scaffold); and G4 (collagen\/chitosan scaffold seeded with DPSCs). The analysis of the scaffold microstructure showed a homogenous material with an adequate percentage of porosity. Macroscopic and radiological examination of the defect area after 6 weeks post-surgery revealed the absence of complete repair, as well as absence of signs of infection, which could indicate rejection of the implants. Histomorphometric analysis of the mandibular defect area showed that bone formation occurred in a centripetal fashion, starting from the borders and progressing towards the center of the defect in all groups. Lower bone formation was observed in G1 when compared to the other groups and G2 exhibited greater osteoregenerative capacity, followed by G4 and G3. In conclusion, the scaffold used showed osteoconductivity, no foreign body reaction, malleability and ease of manipulation, but did not obtain promising results for association with DPSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14070357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:54:23Z","timestamp":1688950463000},"page":"357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marcelo Rodrigues","family":"Da Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundia\u00ed Medical School, Jundia\u00ed 13202-550, Brazil"},{"name":"Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC\/FMRP\/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Faculdade S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Latorre Melga\u00e7o","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Faculdade S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amilton","family":"Iatecola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundia\u00ed Medical School, Jundia\u00ed 13202-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Contini","family":"Massimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC\/FMRP\/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria de Guzzi","family":"Plepis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC\/FMRP\/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Amaro","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Navarro","family":"Da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R-Crio Criogenia S\/A, Departamento de Bioengenharia, Campinas 13098-324, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Domingos","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R-Crio Criogenia S\/A, Departamento de Bioengenharia, Campinas 13098-324, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00e1h Cationi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R-Crio Criogenia S\/A, Departamento de Bioengenharia, Campinas 13098-324, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ricardo Muniz","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R-Crio Criogenia S\/A, Departamento de Bioengenharia, Campinas 13098-324, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Lucchesi","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Faculdade S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9914-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Vieira","family":"Buchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Mar\u00edlia 17525-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMVZ\/USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogerio Leone","family":"Buchaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMVZ\/USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB\/USP), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Eduarda Gandra","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundia\u00ed Medical School, Jundia\u00ed 13202-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7935-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 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