{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:52:49Z","timestamp":1788609169986,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite great success with artificial implants for the human body, modern implants cannot solve major health problems. The reason is an immune reaction of organisms to artificial implants, known as the foreign body reaction. We have found a way to avoid or decrease the foreign body reaction. The surface of an artificial implant is modified with condensed aromatic structures containing free radicals, which provide a covalent attachment of host proteins in a native conformation. The total protein coverage prevents the direct contact of immune cells with the implant surface, and the immune cells are not activated. As a result, the immune response of the organism is not generated, and the artificial implant is not isolated from the tissue; there is no collagen capsule, low activity of macrophages, low cell proliferation, and low inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14080432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1692269222000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Foreign Body Reaction (Immune Response) for Artificial Implants Can Be Avoided: An Example of Polyurethane in Mice for 1 Week"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Kondyurina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8837-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Kondyurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Ewingar Scientific, Ewingar, NSW 2469, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080962","article-title":"Localized Immunosuppressive Environment in the Foreign Body Response to Implanted Biomaterials","volume":"175","author":"Higgins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078","article-title":"Immune responses to implants e A review of the implications for the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials","volume":"32","author":"Franz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-010-9175-3","article-title":"Biomaterials\/Tissue Interactions: Possible Solutions to Overcome Foreign Body Response","volume":"12","author":"Morais","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.01.038","article-title":"Prevention of foreign body reaction in a pre-clinical large animal model","volume":"202","author":"Kastellorizios","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.164","article-title":"Breast implants: The good, the bad and the ugly. Can nanotechnology improve implants?","volume":"4","author":"Puskas","year":"2011","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200504","article-title":"A Review of the Foreign-body Response to Subcutaneously-implanted Devices: The Role of Macrophages and Cytokines in Biofouling and Fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Ward","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Markovits, M., and Shiloh, J. (1998, January 7\u201312). Modification of polyurethane endoprosthetics surface by pulse ion beam. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams, Haifa, Israel."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-207X(98)00300-5","article-title":"Adhesion of Polytetrafluorethylene modified by an ion beam","volume":"52","author":"Mesyats","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Kondyurin, A., and Maitz, M.F. (2007). Surface Modification of ePTFE and Implants using the Same. (WO 2007\/022174 A3), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-019-09863-7","article-title":"Influence of the Young\u2019s Modulus of Polyurethane Implants on the Organism\u2019s Immune Response","volume":"52","author":"Kondyurina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nimb.2006.01.063","article-title":"Etching and structural changes in nitrogen plasma immersion ion implanted polystyrene films","volume":"247","author":"Gan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Culling, C.F.A. (1974). Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques: Including Museum, Butterworth-Heinemann."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14095","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.61.14095","article-title":"Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon","volume":"61","author":"Ferrari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Emanuel, N., and Buchachenko, A. (1987). Chemical Physics of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization, VNU Science Press."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"454","article-title":"Polymeric Biomaterials for Medical Implants and Devices, ACS Biomater","volume":"2","author":"Teo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(96)00003-3","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion on surfaces preadsorbed with high molecular weight kininogen under well-defined flow conditions","volume":"32","author":"Lim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"2716","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion on polyurethanes preadsorbed with high molecular weight kininogen","volume":"94","author":"Colman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SAP.0000046781.75625.69","article-title":"ARole of connective tissue growth factor in breast implant elastomer capsular formation","volume":"50","author":"Mazaheri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.07.010","article-title":"Nanocarrier-based systems for targeted and site specific therapeutic delivery","volume":"144","author":"Majumder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007226","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007226","article-title":"Dealing with the Foreign-Body Response to Implanted Biomaterials: Strategies and Applications of New Materials","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L162","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00252.2005","article-title":"Corticosteroids prevent myo broblast 51. accumulation and airway remodeling in mice","volume":"290","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.12.056","article-title":"Foreign body response to subcutaneous biomaterial implants in a mast cell-deficient Kitw-Sh murine model","volume":"10","author":"Avula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.292","article-title":"Blocking Von Willebrand Factor for Treatment of Cutaneous Inflammation","volume":"134","author":"Hillgruber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"31","article-title":"Measurement of von Willebrand factor as the marker of endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases","volume":"9","author":"Horvath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Provchy, K.M. (2010). Von Willebrand Factor Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells of Cage Control and Antiorthostatic Cage Suspension Golden Hamster Ovaries. [Senior Honors Thesis, East Tennessee State University]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1881","article-title":"Foreign body response induced by tissue expander implantation","volume":"9","author":"Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.4.1231","article-title":"Molecular basis of biomaterial-mediated foreign body reactions","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.31221","article-title":"Proteomic analysis and quantification of cytokines and chemokines from biomaterial surface-adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells","volume":"83","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2521","article-title":"Improvement of polyurethane surface biocompatibility by plasma and ion beam techniques","volume":"7","author":"Melnig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-583X(00)00543-7","article-title":"Ion surface treatments on organic materials","volume":"175","author":"Iwaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2008.07.006","article-title":"Biocompatible polymer materials: Role of protein\u2013surface interactions","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0087","article-title":"Interfacial energetics of globular\u2013blood protein adsorption to a hydrophobic interface from aqueous-buffer solution","volume":"3","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404226","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/20\/40\/404226","article-title":"Protein adsorption on tailored substrates: Long-range forces and conformational changes","volume":"20","author":"Bellion","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Mark, H.F. (2004). Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Kondyurin, A., and Bilek, M. (2014). Application Aspects from Medicine to Space, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1002\/app.33355","article-title":"Surface Attachment of Horseradish Peroxidase to Nylon Modified by Plasma-Immersion Ion Implantation","volume":"120","author":"Kondyurin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6138","DOI":"10.1021\/la200376f","article-title":"Effect of Low Molecular Weight Additives on Immobilization Strength, Activity, and Conformation of Protein Immobilized on PVC and UHMWPE","volume":"27","author":"Kondyurin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/126170","article-title":"Mechanisms for Covalent Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Ion-Beam-Treated Polyethylene","volume":"2012","author":"Kondyurin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.04.017","article-title":"Attachment of horseradish peroxidase to polytetrafluorethylene (teflon) after plasma immersion ion implantation","volume":"4","author":"Kondyurin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1163\/156856292X00286","article-title":"Tight binding of albumin to glow discharge treated polymers","volume":"4","author":"Kiaei","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.01.006","article-title":"Covalent attachment of proteins to functionalized polypyrrole-coated metallic surfaces for improved biocompatibility","volume":"3","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.133","article-title":"Immobilization of enzymes on heterofunctional epoxy supports","volume":"2","author":"Mateo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072685299","article-title":"Selective immobilization of proteins to self-assembled monolayers presenting active site-directed capture ligands","volume":"99","author":"Hodneland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1021\/la062722v","article-title":"Comparison of Protein Surface Attachment on Untreated and Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Treated Polystyrene: Protein Islands and Carpet","volume":"23","author":"Gan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.10.039","article-title":"The Vroman effect: Competitive protein exchange with dynamic multilayer protein aggregates","volume":"103","author":"Hirsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6223(85)90204-0","article-title":"Chemical theory of raphite-like molecules","volume":"23","author":"Stein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-806X(00)00320-0","article-title":"Amino acids grafting of Ar+ ions modified PE","volume":"60","author":"Svorcik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2004.08.007","article-title":"The oxidative environment and protein damage","volume":"1703","author":"Davies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.05.063","article-title":"The modulation of platelet and endothelial cell adhesion to vascular graft materials by perlecan","volume":"30","author":"Lord","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6248","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201402579","article-title":"In situ Endothelialization: Bioengineering Considerations to Translation","volume":"11","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"3381","article-title":"Adhesion to Laminin and Expression of Laminin in Clonally Related Transformed and Control Sublines from an Alveolar Epithelial Cell Strain","volume":"50","author":"Steele","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006350918030053","article-title":"Polyurethane Modified with Plasma-Ion Implantation for Medical Applications","volume":"63","author":"Chudinov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(93)90139-S","article-title":"Selective adhesion and proliferation of cells on ion-implanted polymer domains","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00090-2","article-title":"Improved cell adhesion to ion beam-irradiated polymer surfaces","volume":"18","author":"Pignataro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomoterials"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32541","article-title":"Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion-implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces","volume":"93","author":"Ozkucur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkawareek, M.Y., Algwari, Q.T., Laverty, G., Gorman, S.P., Graham, W.G., O\u2019Connell, D., and Gilmore, B.F. (2012). Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms by Atmospheric Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044289"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/8\/432\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:35:55Z","timestamp":1760128555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/8\/432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb14080432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb14080432","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]}}}