{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1782062991381,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2021-0552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2021-0552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30N\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30N\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization under Romanian National Core Program","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2021-0552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2021-0552"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization under Romanian National Core Program","award":["30N\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30N\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herein, three different recipes of multi-component hydrogels were synthesized by e-beam irradiation. These hydrogels were obtained from aqueous polymer mixtures in which different proportions of bovine collagen gel, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), chitosan, and poly(ethylene oxide) were used. The cross-linking reaction was carried out exclusively by e-beam cross-linking at 25 kGy, a dose of irradiation sufficient both to complete the cross-linking reaction and effective for hydrogel sterilization. The hydrogels developed in this study were tested in terms of physical and chemical stability, mechanical, structural, morphological, and biological properties. They are transparent, maintain their structure, are non-adhesive when handling, and most importantly, especially from the application point of view, have an elastic structure. Likewise, these hydrogels possessed different swelling degrees and expressed rheological behavior characteristic of soft solids with permanent macromolecular network. Morphologically, collagen- and CMC based-hydrogels showed porous structures with homogeneously distributed pores assuring a good loading capacity with drugs. These hydrogels were investigated by indirect and direct contact studies with Vero cell line (CCL-81\u2122, ATCC), demonstrating that they are well tolerated by normal cells and, therefore, showed promising potential for further use in the development of drug delivery systems based on hydrogels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14090454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1693559542000},"page":"454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synthesis, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Biocompatibility of Multi-Component Collagen-Based Hydrogels Developed by E-Beam Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0758-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Demeter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Mariana","family":"Negrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2828-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ion","family":"Calina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Scarisoreanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9960-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Albu Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Collagen, Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather (INCDTP), 93 Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Micutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomi\u015ftilor 409, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anisoara","family":"Cimpean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024102","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/abdce1","article-title":"Advances in Engineering of Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels for Chemotherapeutic Applications","volume":"16","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. 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