{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:54:55Z","timestamp":1768017295558,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study reports the use of silver (Ag) and samarium (Sm) as dopants to improve the properties of standard bioglass in terms of biological performance. This experiment considers thin films of doped bioglass obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and spin coating (SC). For both methods, some parameters were gradually varied, as the main objective was to produce a bioglass that could be used in biomedical fields. In order to study the morphology, the phase composition and other properties, the samples obtained were subjected to multiple analyses, such as thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the in vitro bioactivity of the samples, as assessed through simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion, as well as immunocytochemistry and evaluation of actin filaments, assessed through fluorescence microscopy, are reported. The results confirmed the formation of the designed vitreous target employed as the source of material in the PLD experiments only at sintering temperatures below 800 \u00b0C; this vitreous nature was preserved in the grown film as well. The presence of Ag and Ce dopants in the parent glassy matrix was validated for all stages, from powder, to target, to PLD\/SC-derived coatings. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the surface topography of the layers can be adjusted by using substrates with different roughness or by modulating the processing parameters, such as substrate temperature and working pressure in PLD, rotation speed, and number of layers in SC. The developed material was found to be highly bioactive after 28 days of immersion in SBF, but it was also found to be a potential candidate for inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and a suitable support for cell growth and proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14120560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T07:40:01Z","timestamp":1701157201000},"page":"560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Silver and Samarium on the Properties of Bioglass Coatings Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Spin Coating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Roxana","family":"Lavric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Vreme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Busuioc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0763-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela-Olimpia","family":"Isopencu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian-Ionut","family":"Nicoara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu-Cristian","family":"Oprea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel-Dumitru","family":"Banciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Constantinoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Lasers, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria-Raluca","family":"Musat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.09.628","article-title":"Biopolymers for tissue engineering applications: A review","volume":"41","author":"Biswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100656","article-title":"Fabrication, applications and challenges of natural biomaterials in tissue engineering","volume":"20","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, A. (2017). Tissue Engineering for Artificial Organs: Regenerative Medicine, Smart Diagnostics and Personalized Medicine, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527689934"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2021.102813","article-title":"Processing of Ti\/(HA+ZrO2) biocomposite and 50% porous hybrid scaffolds with low Young\u2019s modulus by powder metallurgy: Comparing of structural, mechanical, and corrosion properties","volume":"29","author":"Topuz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imshinetskiy, I., Kashepa, V., Nadaraia, K., Mashtalyar, D., Suchkov, S., Zadorozhny, P., Ustinov, A., Sinebryukhov, S., and Gnedenkov, S. (2023). PEO Coatings Modified with Halloysite Nanotubes: Composition, Properties, and Release Performance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010305"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-006-0432-z","article-title":"The story of Bioglass\u00ae","volume":"17","author":"Hench","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teghil, R., Curcio, M., and De Bonis, A. (2021). Substituted hydroxyapatite, glass, and glass-ceramic thin films deposited by nanosecond pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for biomedical applications: A systematic review. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11070811"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Huang, J., and Best, S. (2014). Tissue Engineering Using Ceramics and Polymers, Elsevier Inc.. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cannio, M., Bellucci, D., Roether, J.A., Boccaccini, D.N., and Cannillo, V. (2021). Bioactive glass applications: A literature review of human clinical trials. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14185440"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.06.238","article-title":"Ceramic biomaterials: Properties, state of the art and future prospectives","volume":"47","author":"Punj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores-Jacobo, A., Aguilar-Reyes, E.A., and Le\u00f3n-Pati\u00f1o, C.A. (2022). Effect of Dopants on the Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomed. Mater. Devices, 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-022-00020-5"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37136","article-title":"Effect of manganese, zinc, and copper on the biological and osteogenic properties of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles","volume":"109","author":"Westhauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"312","article-title":"Multifunctional zinc ion doped sol\u2013gel derived mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112425","article-title":"Silver-doped bioglass modified scaffolds: A sustained antibacterial efficacy","volume":"129","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14329-0","article-title":"Strontium doped bioglass incorporated hydrogel-based scaffold for amplified bone tissue regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Manoochehri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA06113E","article-title":"Ion-doped mesoporous bioactive glass: Preparation, characterization, and applications using the spray pyrolysis method","volume":"12","author":"Workie","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112050","article-title":"Cerium and gallium containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for bone regeneration: Bioactivity, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity","volume":"124","author":"Kurtuldu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"100310T","article-title":"Spectroscopic properties of Eu-doped antimony-germanate glass and glass-ceramics","volume":"11581","author":"Zmojda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photonics Appl. Astron. Commun. Ind. High-Energy Phys. Exp."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.06.030","article-title":"Effects of Sr and Mg dopants on biological and mechanical properties of SiO2\u2013CaO\u2013P2O5 bioactive glass","volume":"46","author":"Sharifianjazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1145604","article-title":"Biological properties of rare-earth doped bioactive glass","volume":"11456","author":"Baranowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jinga, S.-I., Anghel, A.-M., Brincoveanu, S.-F., Bucur, R.-M., Florea, A.-D., Saftau, B.-I., Stroe, S.-C., Zamfirescu, A.-I., and Busuioc, C. (2021). Ce\/sm\/sr-Incorporating ceramic scaffolds obtained via sol-gel route. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14061532"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.12.078","article-title":"Cerium-doped bioactive glass-loaded chitosan\/polyethylene oxide nanofiber with elevated antibacterial properties as a potential wound dressing","volume":"47","author":"Saatchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111693","article-title":"Silver-doped bioactive glass particles for in vivo bone tissue regeneration and enhanced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition","volume":"120","author":"Wagley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2015.06.010","article-title":"The effect of patterned titanium substrates on the properties of silver-doped hydroxyapatite coatings","volume":"276","author":"Grubova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2018.02.015","article-title":"Effects of silver segregation on sputter deposited antibacterial silver-containing diamond-like carbon films","volume":"650","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104104","article-title":"Ag doped CuO thin film prepared via pulsed laser deposition for 4-nitrophenol degradation","volume":"8","author":"Menazea","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s41779-018-0190-7","article-title":"Effect of Sm2O3 substitution on mechanical and biological properties of 45S5 bioactive glass","volume":"54","author":"Ershad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Aust. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iconaru, S.L., Groza, A., Gaiaschi, S., Rokosz, K., Raaen, S., Ciobanu, S.C., Chapon, P., and Predoi, D. (2020). Antimicrobial properties of samarium doped hydroxyapatite suspensions and coatings. Coatings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10111124"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nabeel, I.A. (2020). Samarium enriches antitumor activity of ZnO nanoparticles via downregulation of CXCR4 receptor and cytochrome P450. Tumor Biol., 42.","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428320909999"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TB00484A","article-title":"Samarium doped glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite with enhanced osteoblastic performance and antibacterial properties for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Morais","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849216","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/849216","article-title":"Evaluation of Samarium Doped Hydroxyapatite, Ceramics for Medical Application: Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"2015","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.03.004","article-title":"A functionalized Sm\/Sr doped TiO2 nanotube array on titanium implant enables exceptional bone-implant integration and also self-antibacterial activity","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nica, I.C., Popa, M., Marutescu, L., Dinischiotu, A., Iconaru, S.L., Ciobanu, S.C., and Predoi, D. (2021). Biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of samarium doped hydroxyapatite coatings: An in vitro study. Coatings, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11101185"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.05.019","article-title":"A doxorubicin delivery system: Samarium\/mesoporous bioactive glass\/alginate composite microspheres","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Harbi, N., Mohammed, H., Al-Hadeethi, Y., Bakry, A.S., Umar, A., Hussein, M.A., Abbassy, M.A., Vaidya, K.G., Al Berakdar, G., and Mkawi, E.M. (2021). Silica-based bioactive glasses and their applications in hard tissue regeneration: A review. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020075"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33782","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04287K","article-title":"Recent advances and future perspectives of sol\u2013gel derived porous bioactive glasses: A review","volume":"10","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bento, R., Gaddam, A., and Ferreira, J.M.F. (2021). Sol\u2013gel synthesis and characterization of a quaternary bioglass for bone regeneration and tissue engineering. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14164515"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.03.248","article-title":"Incongruent pulsed laser deposition strategy for thin film growth of Ca3Co4O9 thermoelectric compound","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-022-03786-6","article-title":"A comprehensive review on pulsed laser deposition technique to effective nanostructure production: Trends and challenges","volume":"54","author":"Haider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Negut, I., Bita, B., and Groza, A. (2022). Polymeric Coatings and Antimicrobial Peptides as Efficient Systems for Treating Implantable Medical Devices Associated-Infections. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14081611"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01140","article-title":"Sol\u2013Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique","volume":"6","author":"Soule","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt, M.A. (2022). Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness\u2014A Brief Exploration. Coatings, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0177.v1"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/ijag.12255","article-title":"A hundred times faster: Novel, rapid sol-gel synthesis of bio-glass nanopowders (Si-Na-Ca-P system, Ca:P = 1.67) without aging","volume":"8","author":"Salvado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Glas. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017","article-title":"How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity?","volume":"27","author":"Kokubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.17509\/ijost.v4i1.15806","article-title":"How to read and Interpret ftir Spectroscope of organic material","volume":"4","author":"Nandiyanto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indones. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2020-0076","article-title":"Recent advance in surface modification for regulating cell adhesion and behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.128396","article-title":"Properties of europium and silver doped bioglass thin films obtained by two deposition methods: Biointerfaces for bioinert implants","volume":"309","author":"Trifan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2012.12.004","article-title":"The structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared at different RF sputtering power","volume":"25","author":"Ismail","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.06.004","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of strontium incorporated 3-D bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue from biosilica","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34530","article-title":"Interaction of MOPS buffer with glass\u2013ceramic scaffold: Effect of (PO4)3\u2212ions in SBF on kinetics and morphology of formatted hydroxyapatite","volume":"108","author":"Schuhladen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-022-02274-x","article-title":"Effect of samarium oxide nanoparticles fabricated by curcumin on efflux pump and virulence genes expression in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"34","author":"Zahmatkesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clust. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Ceper, B., Bulut, B., Duman, S., and Akben, K. (2021, January 13\u201317). Effects of Sm doping on the synthesis and antibacterial properties of BCP bioceramics. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Engineering and Technology Management, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/12\/560\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:31:59Z","timestamp":1760131919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/14\/12\/560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb14120560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb14120560","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}}}