{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:07:34Z","timestamp":1760144854368,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Czech Republic, DRO","award":["FNOs\/2023","SP2024\/037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNOs\/2023","SP2024\/037"]}]},{"name":"Czech projects Specific Research","award":["FNOs\/2023","SP2024\/037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNOs\/2023","SP2024\/037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This contribution gives basic information about the mechanical behavior of the facial part of the human skull cranium, i.e., the splanchnocranium, associated with external loads and injuries caused mainly by brachial violence. The main areas suffering from such violence include the orbit, frontal, and zygomatic bones. In this paper, as a first approach, brachial violence was simulated via quasi-static compression laboratory tests, in which cadaveric skulls were subjected to a load in a testing machine, increasing till fractures occurred. The test skulls were also used for research into the dynamic behavior, in which experimental and numerical analyses were performed. A relatively high variability in forces inducing the fractures has been observed (143\u20131403 N). The results lay the basis for applications mainly in forensic science, surgery, and ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15060143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T05:14:02Z","timestamp":1716786842000},"page":"143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simulation of Orbital Fractures Using Experimental and Mathematical Approaches: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Patrik","family":"Eiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Frydrysek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behrad","family":"Zanganeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Khalij Fars St., Bushehr 7516913817, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cepica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4826-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Marsalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Handlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Syllabova 19, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790\/5, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0767-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juraj","family":"Timkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790\/5, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Stembirek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Clinic of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790\/5, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, Veveri 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Cienciala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9597-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnost","family":"Onderka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790\/5, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2104-6618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Brezik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790\/5, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3528-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondrej","family":"Mizera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/15\/6\/143\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:49:09Z","timestamp":1760107749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/15\/6\/143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb15060143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb15060143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-4983"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]}}}