{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T21:26:11Z","timestamp":1779398771392,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian government agencies","award":["CNPq 124247\/2019-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 124247\/2019-9"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian government agencies","award":["CNPq 443036\/2014-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 443036\/2014-4"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian government agencies","award":["FAPESP 2014\/01723-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2014\/01723-9"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian government agencies","award":["CAPES\u2014Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES\u2014Finance Code 001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study introduces innovative varnishes incorporating natural bioactive compounds to inhibit the formation of oral dual biofilms, a critical contributor to dental caries and other oral diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive varnishes containing tt-farnesol, quercetin, and theobromine in inhibiting the formation of mixed Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms. Mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Candida albicans SC5314 were grown in 96-well plates containing a specialized culture medium. Approximately 0.2 mL of experimental varnishes with A\u20141.5% or B\u20144.5% concentrations of tt-farnesol, quercetin, and theobromine were separately added to the wells using a disposable applicator, with a vehicle varnish (lacking bioactives) serving as the control. Biofilms were incubated at 37 \u00b0C with 5% CO2 for 24 h. Microbial viability was determined in terms of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU\/mL), and biofilm morphology was evaluated qualitatively via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA\/Tukey tests at a 5% significance level. Varnishes A and B achieved significant reductions in microbial populations within the biofilms (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the vehicle control (C). SEM imaging revealed marked structural disruptions in the biofilms, validating the quantitative results. Higher bioactive concentrations demonstrated enhanced inhibitory effects. Bioactive varnishes enriched with theobromine, quercetin, and tt-farnesol represent a novel and effective strategy for inhibiting oral dual biofilm development, offering a promising advancement in preventive dentistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16020070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:36:19Z","timestamp":1739867779000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preventing Oral Dual Biofilm Development with Innovative Bioactive Varnishes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tain\u00e1 de Lima","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1218-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina Maria","family":"Puppin-Rontani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade e Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Rog\u00e9ria Freire","family":"de Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242009000500006","article-title":"The cariogenic dental biofilm: Good, bad or just something to control?","volume":"23","author":"Wolff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz. 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