{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:04:00Z","timestamp":1788887040027,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic wound infections present a persistent medical challenge; however, advancements in wound dressings and antimicrobial nanomaterials offer promising solutions for improving healing outcomes. This study introduces a hydrothermal synthesis approach for producing zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, subsequently incorporated into PLGA microspheres and embedded within collagen hydrogels. The nanoparticles\u2019 physicochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm crystalline structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to verify functional groups and successful hydrogel integration. The hydrogels were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, which are key pathogens in chronic wounds. Biocompatibility was assessed using the human HaCat keratinocyte cell line. Both ZnO- and CuO-loaded hydrogels exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy. Cytocompatibility tests demonstrated that both ZnO- and CuO-loaded hydrogels sustain cell viability and proliferation, highlighting their biocompatibility and suitability for chronic wound healing applications, with superior biological performance of ZnO-loaded hydrogels. Furthermore, the distinct antimicrobial profiles of ZnO and CuO hydrogels suggest their tailored use based on wound microbial composition, with CuO hydrogels excelling in antibacterial applications and ZnO hydrogels showing potential for antifungal treatments. These results underscore the potential of nanoparticle-based collagen hydrogels as innovative therapeutic tools for managing chronic wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16030091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T07:56:52Z","timestamp":1741161412000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Nanoparticle-Enhanced Collagen Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexandra C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"B\u00eerc\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Alexandru","family":"Minculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina-Gabriela","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana","family":"Hudi\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Maria","family":"Holban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Alberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Mihai","family":"Grumezescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11385","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01177","article-title":"Translational Applications of Hydrogels","volume":"121","author":"Correa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. 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