{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:50:36Z","timestamp":1788317436667,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea)","award":["RS-2024-00442711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00442711"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea)","award":["1415183977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1415183977"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","award":["RS-2024-00442711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00442711"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","award":["1415183977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1415183977"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pixel offset adjustments in digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing on the marginal and internal fit and surface trueness of zirconia crowns. Zirconia crowns were designed using dental computer-aided design software (Dentbird; Imagoworks) and fabricated with a vat photopolymerization DLP 3D printer (TD6+; 3D Controls) under three pixel offset conditions (\u22121, 0, and 1). Pixel offset refers to the controlled modification of the outermost pixels in the XY plane during printing to compensate for potential dimensional inaccuracies. The marginal and internal fit was assessed using a triple-scan protocol and quantified using root mean square (RMS) values. Surface trueness was evaluated by measuring RMS, positive and negative errors between the designed and fabricated crowns. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis (\u03b1 = 0.05). The Pixel offset had a significant effect on fit accuracy and surface trueness (p &lt; 0.05). Higher pixel offsets increased marginal discrepancies (p = 0.004), with the marginal gap exceeding 120 \u00b5m at a pixel offset of 1 (114.5 \u00b1 14.6 \u00b5m), while a pixel offset of \u22121 (85.5 \u00b1 18.6 \u00b5m) remained within acceptable limits (p = 0.003). Surface trueness worsened with increasing pixel offset, showing greater positive errors (p &lt; 0.001). Optimizing pixel offset in DLP 3D printing is crucial to ensuring clinically acceptable zirconia crowns. Improper settings may increase marginal discrepancies and surface errors, compromising restoration accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16030103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Pixel Offset Adjustments for XY Plane Dimensional Compensation in Digital Light Processing 3D Printing on the Surface Trueness and Fit of Zirconia Crowns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3177-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KeunBaDa","family":"Son","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Jun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D Controls Co., Ltd., Gangseo-gu, Busan 46721, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D Controls Co., Ltd., Gangseo-gu, Busan 46721, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4184-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Deok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6714-8315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Yeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1838-7229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.07.050","article-title":"3D printing technology; methods, biomedical applications, future opportunities and trends","volume":"14","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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