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Our study aimed to leverage bioprinting to develop a corneal model using human corneal stromal cells embedded in a collagen-based bioink. We generated both cellular and acellular collagen I (COL I) constructs. Cellular constructs were cultured for up to 4 weeks, and gene expression analysis was performed to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and fibrotic markers. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of COL I, collagen III (COL III), vimentin (VIM), and vinculin (VCL), indicating a dynamic remodeling process towards a more physiologically relevant corneal ECM. Overall, our study provides a foundational framework for developing customizable, corneal replacements using bioprinting technology. Further research is necessary to optimize the bioink composition and evaluate the functional and biomechanical properties of these bioengineered corneas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16040118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T13:36:49Z","timestamp":1743169009000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fabrication of a 3D Corneal Model Using Collagen Bioink and Human Corneal Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3071-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenna S.","family":"Hefley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah A.","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, 500 N Commercial St., Manchester, NH 03101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, 500 N Commercial St., Manchester, NH 03101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Hoying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, 500 N Commercial St., Manchester, NH 03101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Moshayedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8761-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Karamichos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1803637","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803637","article-title":"Bioinspired Electronics for Artificial Sensory Systems","volume":"31","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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