{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:27:37Z","timestamp":1791822457715,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-13-00186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-13-00186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hip joint implants are among the most prevalent types of medical implants utilized for the replacement of damaged joints. The utilization of modern implant materials, such as cobalt\u2013chromium alloys, stainless steel, titanium, and other titanium alloys, is accompanied by challenges, including the toxicity of certain elements (e.g., aluminum, vanadium, nickel) and excessive Young\u2019s modulus, which adversely impact biomechanical compatibility. A mismatch between the stiffness of the implant material and the bone tissue, known as stress shielding, can lead to adverse outcomes such as bone resorption and implant loosening. Recent studies have shifted the focus to \u03b2-titanium alloys due to their exceptional biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and low Young\u2019s modulus, which is close to the Young\u2019s modulus of bone tissue (10\u201330 GPa). In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and phase stability of the Ti-38Zr-11Nb alloy were investigated. Energy dispersion spectrometry was employed to confirm the homogeneous distribution of Ti, Zr, and Nb in the alloy. A subsequent microstructural analysis revealed the presence of elongated \u03b2-grains subsequent to rolling and quenching. Furthermore, grinding contributed to the process of recrystallization and the formation of subgrains. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a stable \u03b2-phase under any heat treatment conditions, which can be explained by the use of Nb as a \u03b2-stabilizer and Zr as a neutral element with a weak \u03b2-stabilizing effect in the presence of other \u03b2-stabilizers. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity, as determined by tensile testing, exhibited a decline from 85 GPa to 81 GPa after annealing. Mechanical tests demonstrated a substantial enhancement in tensile strength (from 529 MPa to 628 MPa) concurrent with a 32% reduction in elongation to fracture of the samples. These alterations are attributed to microstructural transformations, including the formation of subgrains and the rearrangement of dislocations. This study\u2019s findings suggest that the Ti-38Zr-11Nb alloy has potential as a material of choice due to its lower Young\u2019s modulus compared to traditional materials and its stable \u03b2-phase, which enhances the implant\u2019s durability and reduces the risk of brittle phases forming over time. This study demonstrates that the corrosion resistance of titanium grade 2 and Ti-38Zr-11Nb is comparable. The material in question exhibited no evidence of cytotoxic activity in the context of mammalian cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16040126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T07:47:44Z","timestamp":1743580064000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study of the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-38Zr-11Nb Alloy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4018-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Sergienko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Konushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslava A.","family":"Morozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem D.","family":"Gorbenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8250-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris A.","family":"Rumyantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail E.","family":"Prutskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny E.","family":"Baranov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena O.","family":"Nasakina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana M.","family":"Sevostyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117513 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (\u201cMONIKI\u201d), 129110 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Mikhlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2793-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey P.","family":"Chizhikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN), 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila A.","family":"Shatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Voronezh State Technical University, 394026 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr V.","family":"Simakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya V.","family":"Baimler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9708-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Sudarchikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail L.","family":"Kheifetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4907-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey G.","family":"Kolmakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Sevostyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS), 119334 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Scientific Establishment the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshye Vyazemy, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galmiche, R., Migaud, H., and Beaul\u00e9, P.E. (2020). Hip Anatomy and Biomechanics Relevant to Hip Replacement. 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