{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:26:47Z","timestamp":1760059607031,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Elutia Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Subcutaneous pocket infection is a common morbidity associated with the integration of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). A new antibiotic-eluting CIED bioenvelope has been developed as a prophylactic measure to mitigate infection and skin erosion caused by device migration. This study investigated the envelope\u2019s regulatory properties in scar formation and vascularization. Methods: Fibroblasts were seeded on either plastic (n = 6) or small intestine submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) (n = 6) for 24 h. The culture media were analyzed for proangiogenic and proinflammatory proteins with multiplex. Sham (n = 8) or SIS-ECM (n = 8) was randomly implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous pocket of mice. The implants were excised on day 7, cultured for 24 h, and the media analyzed. Rabbit models were implanted with either synthetic polymer HDPE (n = 12) or SIS-ECM (n = 11). The treatments were excised at weeks 2, 10, and 26 and then stained for analysis. Results: SIS-ECM significantly increased the fibroblasts\u2019 paracrine release of proangiogenic and proinflammatory factors like VEGF-A (p &lt; 0.05) and IL-6 (p &lt; 0.05) compared with plastic. The murine tissue interacting with SIS-ECM released significantly more angiogenic proteins like VEGF-A (p &lt; 0.05) than the sham. The histology analysis of rabbit subcutaneous tissue revealed a decreasing level of inflammation and fibrosis over time with SIS-ECM. Conclusions: The CIED bioenvelope elicited proangiogenic paracrine signaling and reduced fibrotic response in fibroblasts and animal models. Clinical translation of the CIED bioenvelope as an adjunct to regular prophylactic practice may be warranted in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16070234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T08:23:22Z","timestamp":1750839802000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Bioinductive Effects of a Novel Antibiotic Eluting Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Envelope"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1739-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan W.","family":"Fedak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Fatehi Hassanabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannine","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqi","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Belke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Deniset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W. M.","family":"Fedak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02569.x","article-title":"Continued rise in rates of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections in the united states: Temporal trends and causative insights","volume":"33","author":"Voigt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. 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