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This characteristic enables them to serve as effective photothermal agents (PTAs). Upon irradiation, especially within the NIR window, a region where biological tissues are highly transparent, these NPs efficiently convert light energy into heat. This phenomenon, known as the photothermal effect, leads to localized temperature increases. The resulting heat can be strategically employed to induce selective cell death in photothermal therapy (PTT) or to enhance the release of therapeutic agents directly from the NPs. The inherent versatility of melanin-like NPs, stemming from their synthesis methods and the presence of various functional groups, allows for straightforward loading with drugs or other bioactive molecules. Consequently, they are attractive tools for photothermally activated release. This review paper thoroughly examines and critically discusses the latest applications of melanin-like NPs in photothermally controlled release. We dedicate a specific section to general mechanisms and approaches, and this paper concludes with an analysis of critical challenges and prospective future developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16070243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:11:04Z","timestamp":1751429464000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Photothermal Release by Melanin-like Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Menichetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2160-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Vicenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Pane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Mordini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Mancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Montalti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cGiacomo Ciamician\u201d, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c12322","article-title":"Unraveling the Structure and Function of Melanin through Synthesis","volume":"143","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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