{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:25Z","timestamp":1787028685185,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A major challenge in adhesive dentistry, often leading to restoration failure, is microleakage. This in vitro comparative study was designed to assess microleakage at the tooth\u2013composite interface. The investigation aimed to compare the sealing efficacy of two commonly used adhesive systems. Methods: Standardized Class I cavities were prepared on 20 extracted human molars and randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 each). Group A was treated with a fifth-generation total-etch adhesive (OptiBond\u2122 Solo Plus, Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA), and Group B received a seventh-generation self-etch adhesive (Adhese\u00ae Universal VivaPen\u00ae, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein). All restorations were completed using Herculite XRV composite resin. Microleakage was evaluated using dye penetration analysis after immersion in 2% methylene blue for 10 days, followed by longitudinal sectioning and microscopic measurement at 500\u00d7 magnification. Results: The fifth-generation adhesive group showed a mean microleakage of 0.2503 \u00b1 0.1921 mm, while the seventh-generation group recorded 0.2484 \u00b1 0.1764 mm. Statistical analysis using an independent t-test revealed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.696). Conclusions: Both adhesive systems demonstrated comparable performance in minimizing microleakage under standardized conditions. Although the total-etch group exhibited slightly lower numerical values, the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that both adhesive approaches can be clinically effective when applied appropriately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1755695894000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative in Vitro Evaluation of Marginal Sealing in Class I Composite Restorations Using Fifth- and Seventh-Generation Adhesives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Serban Talpos","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Veja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310045 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George-Dumitru","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Clinical Practical Skills, Department I Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6347-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Elena","family":"Lile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, Str. Liviu Rebreanu 86, 310045 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Armeniakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4608-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center for Dental Medical Research, Lasers and Innovative Technologies, Revolutiei 1989 Avenue No. 9, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tareq","family":"Hajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 9 Revolutiei 1989 Ave, 300070 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018556","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018556","article-title":"Dental caries and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wagle","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"CD010526","article-title":"Dental cavity liners for Class I and Class II resin-based composite restorations","volume":"10","author":"Schenkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2018-160","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of microleakage in Class II composite restorations: High-viscosity bulk-fill vs conventional composites","volume":"38","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2020\/216","article-title":"Microleakage in composite resin restoration-A review article","volume":"9","author":"Rathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Evol. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"CoolingTech (2025, August 01). USB Digital Microscope Specifications. Available online: https:\/\/www.coolingtech.com\/usb-microscope."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(94)90070-1","article-title":"Bond strength and microleakage of current dentin adhesives","volume":"10","author":"Fortin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.71645","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of microleakage of fifth, sixth, and seventh generation dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study","volume":"13","author":"Vinay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Conserv. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"17","article-title":"Microleakage of Composite Resin Restorations Using a Type of Fifth and Two Types of Seventh Generations of Adhesive Systems: A Comparative Study","volume":"5","author":"Tabari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Mater. Tech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.179837","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of microleakage of newer generation dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study","volume":"27","author":"Somani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.24815\/jds.v5i1.18423","article-title":"tudy of microleakage in dental enamel using nanofillers composite resin restoration with total-etch and self-etch adhesive","volume":"5","author":"Sundari","year":"2020","journal-title":"JDS"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"145","article-title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Micro Shear of 5th, 7th and 8th Generation Bonding Agents in Dentin (In Vitro Study)","volume":"11","author":"Shafigh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"147","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of Microleakage of class II composite restoration by using 6th 7th and 8th generation dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study","volume":"5","author":"Kamath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.37358\/MP.17.2.4854","article-title":"Effect of Finishing Techniques on the Junction Between the Composite Restoration and the Dental Enamel","volume":"54","author":"Iovan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Plast."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.21103\/Article8(4)_OA18","article-title":"The influence of a hemostatic agent on adhesion strength and microleakage of composite resin restorations","volume":"8","author":"Melkumyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0015","article-title":"An eight-year clinical evaluation of filled and unfilled one-bottle dental adhesives","volume":"140","author":"Ritter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4103\/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_46_19","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of 5th and 7th -Generation Bonding Agents: An In vitro Study","volume":"14","author":"Madhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Datta Meghe Inst. Med. Sci. Univ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.33899\/rden.2020.165417","article-title":"Influence of Adhesive Systems on Microleakage Pattern of Composite Resin Restorations","volume":"13","author":"Abdulkadir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Al-Rafidain Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"95","article-title":"Comparison of Microleakage of Self-etch and Total-etch Bonding Agents in Primary Molar Class II Composite Restorations","volume":"9","author":"Aslani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Mater. Tech."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"712","article-title":"Effect of Adhesive Application on Sealant Success: A Clinical Study of Fifth and Seventh Generation Adhesive Systems","volume":"12","author":"Tandon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"17","article-title":"An In Vitro Evaluation Of The Microleakage With Etch-And-Rinse And Universal Adhesive Systems In Class V Restorations","volume":"3","author":"Cirligeriu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"393","article-title":"The Effect of Dental Adhesive Composition and Etching Mode on Microleakage of Bonding Agents in Primary Molar Teeth","volume":"23","author":"Heidari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"85","article-title":"Comparison of the Micro Leakage of Class 5 Restorations with Universal Self-etch Bonding and 5th Generation Total-etch Bonding in Anterior Deciduous Tooth: An in-Vitro Study","volume":"22","author":"Mehdipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Babol Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.15218\/edj.2021.03","article-title":"Evaluation of composite resin microleakage with using different bonding agents by micro computed tomography","volume":"4","author":"Bilal","year":"2021","journal-title":"EDJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2341\/05-55","article-title":"Microleakage after thermocycling of 4 etch and rinse and 3 self-etch adhesives with and without a flowable composite lining","volume":"31","author":"Charpentier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oper Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajaj, T., Lile, I.E., Negru, R.M., Niculescu, S.T., Stuparu, S., Rominu, M., Sinescu, C., Albu, P., Titihazan, F., and Veja, I. (2025). Adhesive Performance of Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate Maryland Cantilever Restorations on Prepared and Non-Prepared Abutment Teeth: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Biomimetics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10070413"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2013.11.008","article-title":"Effect of thermomechanical aging on bond strength and interface morphology of glass fiber and zirconia posts bonded with a self-etch adhesive and a self-adhesive resin cement to natural teeth","volume":"112","author":"Yaman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.04.003","article-title":"Bond strength of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Rosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marta, M.-M., Chivu, O.R., Marian, D., Enache, I.-C., Veja, I., Pitic, D.E., Flueras, R., Popovici, R.A., Stana, A.H., and Cojocariu, C. (2024). Elemental Composition and Dentin Bioactivity at the Interface with AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: An Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Study. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app142411867"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Biomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/16\/8\/301\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:31:38Z","timestamp":1760034698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4983\/16\/8\/301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jfb16080301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfb16080301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]}}}