{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:42:58Z","timestamp":1792291378018,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Dentistry Research Center and Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for initiating dental caries. In this process, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is expressed on Gram-positive bacteria cell walls, binds to the dental pulp cells, triggering an immune response, followed by inflammation and eventually pulp necrosis. Polydatin is a polyphenolic compound that has been shown to modulate inflammatory mediators in a manner favorable to healing. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of expression of the most prevalent cytokines in the inflamed pulp after polydatin treatment of LTA-stimulated human dental-pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). LTA-stimulated hDPSCs were treated with polydatin in three different concentrations (0.01 \u00b5M, 0.1 \u00b5M, and 1 \u00b5M). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) levels were measured using reverse transcription\u2013quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were quantified. Treatment with all concentrations of polydatin significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels as evaluated by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction was observed in IL-8 levels of mRNA and in ELISA, with 0.01 \u00b5M and with 1 \u00b5M of polydatin in RT-qPCR. On the other hand, IL-10 levels increased with all of the concentrations. In conclusion, polydatin treatment of LTA-stimulated hDPSCs modulated inflammatory cytokine production by suppressing IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 levels while elevating IL-10 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16090331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T12:18:18Z","timestamp":1757074698000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polydatin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Lipoteichoic Acid-Stimulated Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6262-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawan","family":"Al-Ateeq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Elsafadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 2925, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3057-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manikandan","family":"Muthurangan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 2925, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solaiman","family":"Al-Hadlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 04). 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