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As third-generation antimicrobial materials, metal\u2013organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional agents, leveraging their unique attributes such as high specific surface areas, tunable porosity, and controlled metal ion release kinetics. This review provides a systematic analysis of the foundational principles and core antibacterial mechanisms of MOFs, which include the sustained release of metal ions (e.g., Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and synergistic effects with encapsulated functional molecules. We highlight how these mechanisms underpin their efficacy across a range of applications. Rather than offering an exhaustive list of synthesis methods and metal compositions, this review focuses on clarifying structure\u2013function relationships that enable MOF-based materials to outperform conventional antimicrobials. Their potential is particularly evident in several key areas: wound dressings and medical coatings that enhance tissue regeneration and prevent infections; targeted nanotherapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria; and functional coatings for food preservation and water disinfection. Despite existing challenges, including gaps in clinical translation, limited efficacy in complex multi-species infections, and incomplete mechanistic understanding, MOFs hold significant promise to revolutionize antimicrobial therapy. Through interdisciplinary optimization and advancements in translational research, MOFs are poised to drive a paradigm shift from \u201cpassive defense\u201d to \u201cactive ecological regulation\u201d, offering a critical solution to mitigate the global AMR crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16090353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T16:53:42Z","timestamp":1758300822000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Engineering Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy: Synthesis Methodologies, Mechanistic Perspectives, and Versatile Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2717-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaixiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shutong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Smart Transportation, Suzhou City University, Suzhou 215104, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Special Materials Surface Engineering, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752605","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1752605","article-title":"Metagenomics reveals impact of geography and acute diarrheal disease on the Central Indian human gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Monaghan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0483-z","article-title":"Selection for antimicrobial resistance is reduced when embedded in a natural microbial community","volume":"13","author":"Recker","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsunaga, M., Ito, K., Nishimura, T., Miyata, H., Miyakawa, K., Morita, T., Ryo, A., Kobayashi, H., Mizunoe, Y., and Iwase, T. 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